Abstract. Efficient and rapid decomposition of plant residues, and elimination of the negative impact of pathogenic microflora on the soil environment and the plant organism occurs due to fungi of the genus Trichoderma, which have phytoprotective and growth-promoting properties, have a high degree of decomposition of high-polymer components of plant residues. One of these drugs is Sternifag. The article presents the results of studies that determine the effectiveness of the use of the microbiological preparation Sternifag in the technology of cultivating winter wheat. The research was carried out at the Adyghe research institute of agriculture in the period 2017–2020 gg. on leached chernozem. As a result of the research, it was noted that the use of the Sternifag preparation increased the height of winter wheat, which was 37,4 cm in the booting phase (+39,6 % of the control) and 81,9 cm in the full ripeness phase (+8,9 % to control), the growth of biomass by aboveground organs and their accumulation of dry matter also increased. The inclusion of the Sternifag preparation in the winter wheat cultivation technology significantly increased the yield by 11,2 (low agrobackground) and 9,3 (high agrobackground) % in comparison with the options without its use. The maximum yield – 4,01 t/ha, was obtained on option 4 with the Sternifag preparation, on a high agricultural background. It was determined that the use of this drug in the cultivation of winter wheat improved the protein content in the grain, its nature, and vitreousness. At the same time, it slightly affected gluten and its quality, which determined the grain class, which corresponded to 5 on a low agricultural background, and 4 on other options.
Plants' nutritional elements have great opportunities to increase the yield of cereals, which contribute to the activation of initial growth and accelerate plants' development, stimulate the plumpness and grain formation, increase grain resistance to adverse soil and climatic conditions, increase productivity and biochemical qualitative indicators. In modern conditions, designing a technological system for regulating the growth and development of winter durum wheat by complex mineral fertilizers' application in steppe conditions of CBR is very relevant. The positive influence of nutritional elements on the development and root system of cereals has been revealed. Seeds of modern durum wheat varieties have high nutritional and taste qualities. The main direction of increasing winter durum wheat production is the introduction of new high-yielding varieties into production and their cultivation according to intensive technology with reasonable doses and norms of nutrients.
With a properly selected sowing time, the highest productivity of sweet corns is achieved. In the conditions of the mountainous zone of Kabardino-Balkaria, the timing of sowing sweet corn has not been studied, therefore, determining the optimal sowing time is one of the most important issues in the successful cultivation and obtaining high yields of sweet corn. In our studies, the sowing time influenced the survival rate of sweet corn plants. Optimal sowing favors the dynamic growth and development of plants, the root system, allows better assimilation of moisture in the soil, thus increasing the growth of green mass and the formation of larger and higher quality grains. Based on the analysis of data on the structure of yields, in all respects, the second sowing period (late April - early May) is ahead of other options, especially later sowing dates. The amount of products obtained depends on the weight of one earcorn. The number of marketable earcorns drops sharply at late sowing dates. The sharp decline in the productivity of sweet corn plants is explained by the fact that in the late sowing period, the soil moisture level is at a low level due to the rise in high temperatures.
Рост урожайности озимой пшеницы в современных условиях просто немыслим без использования различных средств химизации. В представленной статье приводятся данные результатов исследования влияния использования разнообразных регуляторов роста растений на ряд технологических показателей качества урожая зерна озимой пшеницы в условиях степной зоны Кабардино-Балкарской Республики. Объектами исследования выступали сорта озимой пшеницы «Престиж» и «Августа». По результатам проводимых наблюдений во время вегетационного периода можно было отметить положительную динамику пищевого режима почвы в результате применения минеральных удобрений. Улучшение пищевого режима в почве внесением удобрений и обработка регуляторами роста в течение вегетации изменяли структуру урожая и качественные показатели зерна. Увеличивался прирост вегетативной массы, накопление АСВ, условия развития генеративных органов улучшались. Урожай зерна формировался различно в зависимости от применяемых регуляторов роста, а также вносимых минеральных удобрений. Отмечено высокое действие на величину урожая применяемых минеральных удобрений и регуляторов роста. Значение имело увеличение коэффициента продуктивной кустистости, отмечен заметный рост степени озерненности колосьев, либо увеличение значений массы 1000 зерен, либо все перечисленные факты вместе. Выяснилось, что величина урожайности, технологические показатели как зерна, так и муки, по сорту озимой пшеницы Августа были выше, чем соответствующие показатели, формируемые сортом Престиж. Наилучшим оказался вариант с применением минерального удобрения в дозе N 90 P 90 K 60 . На этом варианте достигнутые величины прибавки урожайности составляли 14,6 ц/га. Растения в опыте реагировали на применение регулятора роста «Силк» в дозе 30 мл/га прибавкой в среднем на 12,5 ц/га. Ключевые слова: озимая пшеница, регуляторы роста, минеральные удобрения, показатели структуры урожая, урожайность, биохимические показатели качества, содержание белка, содержание крахмала, содержание золы, хлебопекарные показатели качества, стекловидность зерна, содержание сырой клейковины, сила муки, объемный выход хлеба, общая хлебопекарная оценка Growth in productivity of winter wheat in modern conditions is unthinkable without facilitation of varios chemicals. The presented article provides result data of researching effect of various plant growth regulators upon a line of technological indexes of winter wheat crop quality in conditions of steppe area of kabardino-Balkar republic. Objects of the research were varieties of winter wheat «Prestige» and «Augusta». According to the results of observation during vegetative period, we can outline a positive dynamic of soil feeding regime as a result of implementing mineral fertilizers. Improvement in feeding regime within soil via introducing fertilizers and treating it with growth regulators during vegetation altered crop structure and qualitative characteristics of grain. Addition of vegetative mass was considered, as well as accumulation of absolute dry matter, conditions of generative organs' ...
Horticulture is a highly intensive industry that requires significant costs in the establishment and maintenance of plantations. The profitability of horticulture, which in the republic can reach up to 150%, depends on the use of a rational fertilization system, taking into account the biological characteristics of fruit and berry crops, the age of the garden, the phase of plant development, soil and weather conditions. Particularly high nutritional requirements are imposed by intensive early ripening varieties of fruit crops on tall rootstocks. In this work, we studied the effect of liquid chelated fertilizers Organomix when processing trees on the yield, commercial qualities of the fruit of the Florina apple tree in the conditions of the forest fruit zone of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The most noticeable effect on increasing the yield of trees (27.4 t / ha) was exerted by the combined use of the preparations Organomix fruit and berry (0.5 l / ha), Organomix Bor (0.5 l / ha), Organostim (0.6 l / ha) ha) in the walnut phase. The use of the preparations contributed to an increase in the productivity of the apple tree by 16.9-32.4%. Treatment of apple trees with Organomix preparations gives high economic efficiency due to the increase in the commercial quality of the fruits.
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