Products of thermal decomposition of lithium permanganate LiMnO 4 ·3H 2 O, which are formed in temperature range 160-900°C, have been characterized by powder XRD and chemical analysis. It has been found that the decomposition of the permanganate results in the formation of an equimolar mixture of manganate(IV) Li 2 MnO 3 and stoichiometric spinel LiMn 2 O 4 at the temperatures above 700°C. Intermediate products with spinel structure are formed at lower temperatures with oxidation number of manganese being between +4 and +3.5. These compounds can be related to overstoichiometric spinel phases with general formula Li a [Mn (1+0.5a) Li (1−0.5a) ]O 4 , where a>1. Electrochemical properties of these intermediates with regard to the reaction of Li extraction were investigated. The data are of interest for the development of synthesis methods for mixed oxides containing lithium and manganese with lithium permanganate as the lithiating reagent.
The equilibrium phase composition has been studied in two (pseudo)binary cross-sections of the Li-Mn-CoO system at 800°C in ambient air atmosphere: I-LiMn 2-x Co x O n (0≤x≤2) and II-LiMn x Co 1-x O n (0≤x≤1). Section I contains a homogeneous spinel-structured phase in the composition range 0≤x≤1, with the lattice parameter decreasing with increasing Co content. The compositions become 2-phase for 1
It has long been known that materials containing cellulose fibers in their composition are destroyed by molds, microorganisms, actinomycetes, which use cellulose as a carbon source. Different fibrous materials to varying degrees (but always) are affected by molds. It is known that linseed and cotton types of paper are affected by the smallest number of fungi, and sulphate ones by the largest. The most biostable is cotton paper, the composition of which contains chalk in a sufficiently large amount. The observations carried out by the authors showed that the highest biostability (fungal resistance) is characteristic of papers containing chalk and kaolin, the lowest is glued types of paper with a high degree of sizing. Aging of paper with increasing temperature increases the overall susceptibility of all types of paper tested without exception. Obviously, changes in the physical and chemical properties of paper as a result of aging create more favorable conditions for the growth of fungi. It is well known that paper can serve as a medium for the spread of infectious diseases. The authors of the article studied the thermo-physical properties of basalt fiber and investigated the possibility of using it for the manufacture of heat-insulating technical paper.Obtaining materials that are not affected by bacteria, insects and molds (fungicidal,insecticidal) can be solved by using inorganic fibers, which are obtained from almost unlimited natural resources and which have excellent biochemical properties. It should be noted that the concept of "biocidal" paper (material) is collective. It combines species that differ in their ability to kill bacteria (bactericidal), molds (fungicidal), insects (insecticidal). Each of the biocidal types of materials has two or more of these properties.
Leading industrial countries display the growth of paper industry even more than other industries. The paper is and was very important for our civilization. Technical industries also require the paper. The electro-technical, radio-technical industries use widely various kinds of paper for the production of things like cables, condensers, radio-diffusers, resistors, TV-sets and so on. In the chemical industry papers are used for chromatography, electrophoresis etc. But besides of clear advantages for simple usage there are some another advances for some usage namely materials which are resistant to mold fungi and the microorganisms. It is known that the least subject to the fungi effect are things what are consisted as linen fibers among all as well as sulfite and sulfate cellulose. The artificial fibers are more resistant than natural. Obviously the problem of conservation of already printed on paper materials growths more and more every year. Now it is strange when we can’t read old books which have not being saved in new digital formats. That is why the preserve the old paper literature in worthy state is so important for us and for future generations, and the problem of obtaining so called “biocide” material is so actual. It means such material which may destroy bacteria, mold fungi, and insects. In this work we have used the clays from Zakarpatiyan oblast Horbsky field. These clays are classified as bentonite type and have the following consistence with particular size is between 0,3 and 0,25 mm. The authors studied the sorption of latexes by basalt fibers. The following latexes were investigated: divinyl methyl methacrylate (DMMA), divinyl nitrile (SKN), isoprene nitrile (L-7). A method was used to recharge the surface of cellulose fibers to obtain a flexible, durable filter material. We checked the resistance of materials to mold.
One of the main problems today is the storage of funds, provision of storage conditions, the absence of mold, microbiological dispersions in the air, processing of documents, detoxification of previously processed materials. In this work, samples of papers (condenser, writing, carton for lamination) and usage of biocidal materials (Polydez, Gembar and Metatin) were investigated. The technology of processing samples is not very simple. Biocidal effects were carried out on test cultures of microscopic fungi taken from damaged documents. In addition, samples of papers processed with composite mixtures containing basalt and cellulose fibers, montmorillonite clay and sodium resin salts (SSRA) or sodium humate (SH) were studied in parallel. Aging of samples was monitored by indicators such as the material's whiteness and breakthrough strength (n.d.f.)-the properties that are sensitive to the aging process. It has been proved that samples containing basalt and cellulose fibers, montmorillonite and sodium salts of resin acids (or sodium humate) are more likely to suppress the spread of fungi and microorganisms than official state biocidal materials. Therefore, in this work it is proposed the material and composition mixture, which guarantees certain physical and mechanical properties of the finished product and has a much simpler and cheaper technology to obtain the disinfecting material.
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