We transform the 3D underwater sensor network (USN) localization problem into its 2D counterpart by employing sensor depth information and a simple projection technique. We first prove that a nondegenerative projection preserves network localizability. We then prove that given a network and a constant k, all of the geometric k-lateration localization methods are equivalent. Based on these results, we design a purely distributed bilateration localization scheme for 3D USNs termed as Underwater Sensor Positioning (USP). Through extensive simulations, we show that USP has the following nice features: 1) improved localization capabilities over existing 3D methods, 2) low storage and computation requirements, 3) predictable and balanced communication overhead, and 4) robustness to errors from the underwater environment.
We develop a practical and comprehensive hybrid rogue access point (AP) detection framework for commodity Wi-Fi networks. It is the first scheme that combines the distributed wireless media surveillance and the centralized wired end socket level traffic "fingerprinting." The former is designed not only to detect various types of rogue APs, but also to discover suspicious activities so as to prevent the adversaries from turning victim APs into rogue devices. Moreover, the socket level traffic fingerprinting helps our frame work to achieve a finer granu-larity on rogue AP detection among the existing schemes. This framework has the following nice properties: i) it requires neither specialized hardware nor modification to existing standards; ii) the proposed mechanism greatly improves the rogue AP detection probability so that network resilience is improved; iii) it provides a cost-effective solution to Wi-Fi network security enhancement by incorporating free but mature software tools; iv) it can protect the network from adversaries capable of using customized equipment and/or violating the IEEE 802.11 standard; v) its open architecture allows extra features to be easily added on in the future. Our analysis and evaluation demonstrate that this hybrid ro gu e A P p rot ec t i on f r a m ew o rk i s ca p ab l e o f rel i a bl y rev ea l i ng ro g ue dev i ce s a n d p re em p t i n g po t e n t i al at t a ck s .
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