Purpose: Although obesity is a risk factor for hip osteoarthritis (OA), the role of body composition, if any, is unclear. This study examines whether obesity and body composition are associated with hip cartilage changes using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in community-based adults. Methods: 141 community-based participants with no clinical hip disease, including OA, had BMI and body composition (fat mass and fat free mass) measured at baseline (1990 to 1994), and BMI measured and 3.0T MRI performed at follow-up (2009-2010). Femoral head cartilage volume was measured and femoral head cartilage defects were scored in the different hip regions. Results: For females, baseline BMI (b¼-26mm 3 , 95% CI-47 to-6mm 3 , p¼0.01) and fat mass (b¼-11mm 3 , 95% CI-21 to-1mm 3 , p¼0.03) were negatively associated with femoral head cartilage volume. Also, while increased baseline fat mass was associated with an increased risk of cartilage defects in the central superolateral region of the femoral head (OR¼ 1.08, 95% CI 1.00-1.15, p¼0.04), increased baseline fat free mass was associated with a reduced risk of cartilage defects in this region (OR¼0.82, 95% CI 0.67-0.99; p¼0.04). For males, baseline fat free mass was associated with increased femoral head cartilage volume (b¼ 40mm 3 , 95% CI 6 to 74mm 3 , p¼0.02) Conclusions: Increased fat mass was associated with adverse hip cartilage changes for females, while increased fat free mass was associated with beneficial cartilage changes for both genders. Further work is required to determine whether modifying obesity and in particular body composition alters the development of hip OA.
Purpose: Although obesity is a risk factor for hip osteoarthritis (OA), the role of body composition, if any, is unclear. This study examines whether obesity and body composition are associated with hip cartilage changes using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in community-based adults. Methods: 141 community-based participants with no clinical hip disease, including OA, had BMI and body composition (fat mass and fat free mass) measured at baseline (1990 to 1994), and BMI measured and 3.0T MRI performed at follow-up (2009-2010). Femoral head cartilage volume was measured and femoral head cartilage defects were scored in the different hip regions. Results: For females, baseline BMI (b¼-26mm 3 , 95% CI-47 to-6mm 3 , p¼0.01) and fat mass (b¼-11mm 3 , 95% CI-21 to-1mm 3 , p¼0.03) were negatively associated with femoral head cartilage volume. Also, while increased baseline fat mass was associated with an increased risk of cartilage defects in the central superolateral region of the femoral head (OR¼ 1.08, 95% CI 1.00-1.15, p¼0.04), increased baseline fat free mass was associated with a reduced risk of cartilage defects in this region (OR¼0.82, 95% CI 0.67-0.99; p¼0.04). For males, baseline fat free mass was associated with increased femoral head cartilage volume (b¼ 40mm 3 , 95% CI 6 to 74mm 3 , p¼0.02) Conclusions: Increased fat mass was associated with adverse hip cartilage changes for females, while increased fat free mass was associated with beneficial cartilage changes for both genders. Further work is required to determine whether modifying obesity and in particular body composition alters the development of hip OA.
Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common and important cause of pain and disability, but interventions aimed at modifying structures visible on imaging have been disappointing. While OA affects the whole joint, synovitis and effusion have been recognised as having a role in the pathogenesis of OA. Krill oil reduces knee pain and systemic inflammation and could be used for targeting inflammatory mechanisms of OA. Methods/design: We will recruit 260 patients with clinical knee OA, significant knee pain and effusionsynovitis present on MRI in five Australian cities (Hobart, Melbourne, Sydney, Adelaide and Perth). These patients will be randomly allocated to the two arms of the study, receiving 2 g/day krill oil or inert placebo daily for 6 months. MRI of the study knee will be performed at screening and after 6 months. Knee symptoms, function and MRI structural abnormalities will be assessed using validated methods. Safety data will be recorded. Primary outcomes are absolute change in knee pain (assessed by visual analog score) and change in size of knee effusion-synovitis over 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes include improvement in knee pain over 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks. The primary analyses will be intention-to-treat analyses of primary and secondary outcomes. Per protocol analyses adjusting for missing data and for treatment compliance will be performed as the secondary analyses. Discussion: This study will provide high-quality evidence to assess whether krill oil 2 g/day reduces pain and effusion-synovitis size in older adults with clinical knee OA and knee effusion-synovitis. If krill oil is effective and confirmed to be safe, we will provide compelling evidence that krill oil improves pain and function, changes disease trajectory and slows disease progression in OA. Given the lack of approved therapies for slowing disease progression in OA, and moderate cost of krill oil, these findings will be readily translated into clinical practice.
Queen's University in accordance with the guidelines of the Canadian Council of Animal Care. Eight 10e12 month old Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Growth plate closure was radiographically confirmed to ensure skeletal maturity. Two impact loads were tested in this study design: 31N (18MPa), reported to be the injury threshold inducing physiological response in joints; and 53N (30MPa), reported to induce joint damage with limited matrix alteration, representing a moderate trauma such as sport injury. The impacts were induced to the periosteum close to the synovial junction of the medial femoral condyles with a 1.5mm diameter probe mounted onto an Electronic Force biodynamic test instrument (Bose 5500, Bose Co., Minnesota, USA). Loads were applied at a speed of 15mm/sec with a peak load maintained for 0.05 seconds. The right knee was used as the experimental side and the left as the control. Isoflurane inhalation was used for general anaesthesia during surgery. Subcutaneous injections of Bupivacaine (2mg/kg) and Tramadol (20mg/ kg) were administered for analgesia. The knee capsule was surgically exposed by a skin incision on the medial knee and through an opening of the medial intermuscular septum. The capsule was carefully cut to expose the medial femoral condyle. The same surgical approach was applied on both knees. On the experimental side, the region of interest (ROI) of the exposed condyle was positioned under the probe and preloaded with 2N force to ensure its stability during impaction. After impact, the intermuscular septum and skin were sutured independently. Animals were sacrificed at 3 or 6 weeks post-surgery. Distal femurs were harvested and fixed in 4% formaldehyde. Tissues were decalcified in 10% EDTA and prepared for histology. Serial 5 mm-thick sections were SHBG, sex hormone binding globin; Results are generated from linear mixed-effect model adjusted for age, body mass index and 25-hydroxyvitamin D.Bold values indicate statistical significance at a ¼ 0.05. Abstracts / Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 24 (2016) S63eS534S359
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