Anorexia was a key risk factor for inadequate protein intake and malnutrition in patients undergoing PD. These findings highlight a need to closely monitor patients with appetite disturbances.

A high turnover of staff at the Queensland statutory child protection agency, combined with a lack of experienced prospective employees, means that the agency is increasingly relying on new university graduates. However, the availability of resources is a risk to the continued engagement of child protection workers because they do not feel that they are able to adequately service the clients who they work with, and is one reason why they may choose to leave the agency. In order to gain a greater understanding of how graduate child protection workers perceive both organisational and community resourcing, this study interviewed 20 child protection workers who were still in their first 12 months of employment in the agency. The results suggest that insufficient staffing within the agency affected the work of the child protection workers. Participants identified that additional organisational resources which would improve the capacity of child protection workers to fulfil their role in a more efficient and safe manner included motor vehicles and administrative support. Participants expressed the view that resources external to the organisation were necessary to promote practice and improve outcomes for children and families. In the absence of additional resources being made available, effectively allocating resources within child protection offices, as well as encouraging the workers to develop their knowledge of available resources, should help address this issue.• Dissatisfaction with resourcing both within a statutory child protection agency and within community-based organisations external to the agency affect child protection workers' job satisfaction.• Effectively allocating existing resources within child protection offices and encouraging new child protection workers to develop their awareness of external resources should assist these practitioners to fully utilise the resources available to assist children.

This scoping review investigated risk factors, impacts, outcomes, and service implications of violence-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) for individuals and their informal caregivers. A systematic search (Web of Science, PubMed, PsycInfo, ProQuest, Medline, Informit; 1990-2015) identified 17 studies meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Violence was the cause of between 3% and 26% of all TBIs. Males, a non-White racial background, preinjury unemployment, and preinjury substance abuse problems all elevated the risk for sustaining a violence-related TBI compared to other-cause TBI. However, few differences were observed in 12 months postinjury outcomes. No studies investigated the impact of violence-related TBI on informal caregivers.

This scoping review investigated risk factors, impacts, outcomes and service implications of violence-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) for individuals and their informal caregivers. A systematic search (Web of Science, PubMed, PsycInfo, ProQuest, Medline, Informit; 1990-2015) identified 17 studies meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Violence was the cause of between 3% and 26% of all TBIs. Males, a non-white racial background, pre-injury unemployment and pre-injury substance abuse problems all elevated the risk for sustaining a violence-related TBI compared to other-cause TBI. However, few differences were observed in 12 months post-injury outcomes. No studies investigated the impact of violence-related TBI on informal caregivers. Wiercisieswski, & Alexander, 2000). In general, the approach within these studies is consistent with the World Health Organisation (1996) definition of violence as "…the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or a community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, mal-development or deprivation". Research into violence-related TBI found that there are a significant minority of individuals sustaining an injury as a result of violence. In the United States, physical assault accounted for 10% of all brain injuries from 2002 to 2006, with 21% of the most severe injuries requiring medical attention and hospitalization (Faul et al., 2010). Canada reports that 8-10% of hospital admissions are the result of physical assault (Colantonio et al., 2010; Kim & Colantonio, 2008), while in Australia in 2004-2005 16.8% of hospital admissions for TBI were the result of an assault (Helps, Henley, & Harrison, 2008). A range of significant impacts have been reported on individuals sustaining violence-related TBI including persisting neurological symptoms, neuropsychological impairments and poor psychosocial outcomes (Gerhart et al., 2003; Harrison-Felix et al., 1998; Machamer et al., 2003). Families also face significant disruption when a relative sustains a TBI from any cause including violence. This includes experiencing elevated levels of depression and anxiety, carer burden, increased health seeking behavior, reductions in employment, and changes in family functioning and roles (Anderson, Simpson, & Morey, 2013; Boycott,