Experiments where the inhibition of lipid synthesis from glucose in adipose tissue of rats fed sucrose was analyzed led to the following conclusions:The nutritional factor leading to inhibited fatty acid synthesis from glucose in adipose tissue is fructose, ingested either as such or as part of sucrose. A high fructose intake inhibits in addition to glucose incorporation also acetate incorporation into fatty acids. This indicates that fructose-induced inhibition of fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue takes place in some step(s) between acetate and fatty acids. Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue is not caused by the direct effect of the fructose molecule on adipose tissue, but is probably the result of hypertriglyceridemia and the ensuing enhanced supply of fatty acids from triglycerides of blood lipoproteins. The chronological course of changes of hypertriglyceridemia and fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue, as well as experiments where the effect of diets with a rising fructose ratio was investigated, provide indirect evidence that the factor which determines quantitatively the inhibitory effect of fructose ingestion is probably rather the actual uptake of preformed fatty acids in adipose tissue than the magnitude of hypertriglyceridemia per se.
The Czech Republic reported one of the highest incidence rate in cutaneous melanoma (CM) in Europe and because this incidence has been increasing, mainly among young people, the main goal of our study was to establish sun exposure behavior risk factors for CM formation and to evaluate whether the young generation of Czechs is exposed to a higher risk of CM than the older generation. A questionnaire-based case-control study was conducted. We obtained 978 completed questionnaires: 216 from patients with CM and 762 from healthy respondents. The healthy individuals were further divided to adolescents (n = 460) and older respondents (n = 302). Three logistic regression models were developed: 1. patients with CM vs. healthy older respondents, 2. adolescents vs. healthy older respondents, and 3. patients with CM vs. adolescents. The main risk factors for all three models were the number of sunburn episodes and the use of the sunscreen in the childhood. The most alarming results for adolescents included: all day sun exposure, including times of maximum risk (11 AM to 3 PM), inadequate use of sunscreen in adulthood, and frequent mountain holidays. Our results show that sun-safety in the young generation is satisfactory, when the responsibility for sun exposure behavior is in the hands of their parents; however, when children become adolescents, they become immune to sun-safety and risk prevention campaigns and their behavior becomes much more risky. Our results further suggest the sun-safety campaigns need to be modified in such a way as to have greater impact and influence on adolescent sun-risk behaviors.
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