The most recent generation of the electrical and electronic household and office equipment is far more efficient than its predecessor, but it is still improvable. The smart equipment, when it is used, adds the advantages of the supplementary control functions with the requirements of beeing electrically supplied. By interconnecting the smart devices in a data network, some of the energy consumption occurs even in the non-active states. These states, either a “stand-by” mode or an “off-line” mode, according to the European Committee directives, imposes maximum limits for the electricity consumption, thus an eco-design of the electrical and electronic equipment. The impact of these eco-design requirements on household appliances and office equipment with repercussions in their operation and use, as well as the energy and environmental effects, are dealt in this paper, based on a case study.
The oil crisis, the measures taken because of global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions, the ecological actions carried out globally and the technical progress in the fields of electronics, energy, IT and telecommunications have led to the emergence Passive House concepts in the construction sector, of Passive Solar Building (passive construction based on solar energy), of Net Zero-Energy Building NZEB, of Plus Energy Building, of nearly Zero Energy Building nZEB, of Low-Energy Building, of Green House, of Zero Carbon House, of Smart House, of Healthy buildings and other equivalents or derivatives.
In this paper, these concepts will be cross-debated and the measures adopted at EU level and the influences exerted on the Romanian legislation on the field of civil and residential constructions will be presented.
Based on a case study, a residential construction will be characterized, representative of the current housing stock, in order to assess the degree of compliance with the minimum requirements of a house with low energy consumption, imposed by Romanian legislation in the field.
Heat recovery to the sinter plant is a means of improving the efficiency of the sintering process. The hot agglomerate must be cooled down. The heat recovered from the sinter cooler is used to preheat the combustion air for burners in the ignition furnace. In addition to heat recovery, the system helps decreases and particulate emissions, and improves sinter productivity, yield and cold resistance. This makes a recirculated type system more efficient than a non-recirculated type.
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