The state of palladium and copper on the surface of the PdCl2–CuCl2/γ-Al2O3 nanocatalyst for the low-temperature oxidation of CO by molecular oxygen was studied by various spectroscopic techniques. Using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), freshly prepared samples of the catalyst were studied. The same samples were also evaluated after interaction with CO, O2, and H2O vapor in various combinations. It was shown that copper exists in the form of Cu2Cl(OH)3 (paratacamite) nanophase on the surface of the catalyst. No palladium-containing crystalline phases were identified. Palladium coordination initially is comprised of four chlorine atoms. It was shown by XAS that this catalyst is not capable of oxidizing CO at room temperature in the absence of H2O and O2 over 12 h. Copper(II) and palladium(II) are reduced to Cu(I) and Pd(I,0) species, respectively, in the presence of CO and H2O vapor (without O2). It was found by DRIFTS that both linear (2114 cm−1, 1990 cm−1) and bridging (1928 cm−1) forms of coordinated CO were formed upon adsorption onto the catalyst surface. Moreover, the formation of CO2 was detected upon the interaction of the coordinated CO with oxygen. The kinetics of CO oxidation was studied at 18–38 °C at an atmospheric pressure for CO, O2, N2, and H2O (gas) mixtures in a flow reactor (steady state conditions).
Small forms of economic activity have been actively developing in the Russian Federation in recent years. Novice farmers choose animals to achieve payback and profit. One of these breeds in the pig industry is the Vietnamese potbellied pigs. This breed appeared and began to spread in Russia not long ago. The article describes the morphological and biochemical studies of peripheral blood. There are described macro-and microstructural changes in the liver of piglets of the Vietnamese pot-bellied breed with a concentrated type of feeding. Moreover, there were determined the biochemical parameters that reflect liver functional deficiency, confirmed by histological studies. Analysis of the obtained data showed that during the first 5 months there was the highest average daily increase, and then there was observed a decrease in the dynamics of weight gain. According to the average daily weight gain, it can be concluded that, after 5-6 months the experimental piglets begin to develop not muscle, but fatty tissue, which is confirmed by literary data.
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