Аннотация. В республике Калмыкия в настоящее время модернизацией племенных и продуктивных качеств крупного рогатого скота калмыцкой породы занимаются 25 племенных хозяйств. Цель настоящего исследования заключалась в сравнении генетического полиморфизма групп крови крупного рогатого скота калмыцкой породы в 2009-2010 гг. и 2019-2020 гг. в племенных хозяйствах, а также анализ двух племенных репродукторов республики Калмыкия. В связи с этим был проведен мониторинг изменения частот встречаемости аллельных вариантов антигенов крови калмыцкого скота в племенных хозяйствах республики. Иммуногенетическое тестирование животных проводилось по стандартным методикам (Neimann-Sorensen) с использованием реагентов-моноспецифических сывороток, производимых в ОАО «Московское» по племенной работе и ОАО «Самарское» по племенной работе. Анализ полиморфизма групп крови калмыцкого скота за исследуемый период показал, что в аллелофонде имеются антигены с постоянной высокой частотой встречаемости, такие как А1,
The efficiency of diagnostic methods to control cattle leukemia during health measures in the farms of the Republic of Kalmykia was studied and a plan of anti-leukemia measures was developed. As a result, at a negative growth rate (-90.2%) the ill-being index defining the breadth of incidence in the territory of the republic was reduced by 10.2 times over 2003-2018. At the same time, while over 9 years from 2003 to 2008 the average ill-being index was within 0.42, from 2009 to 2018 it decreased from 0.33 to 0.03. The average tension coefficient, which takes into account the rate of acquisition of Bovine Leukemia Virus in the territory of the Republic by the end of the period (2018), remains zero.
The main trends in the development of animal husbandry in the Republic of Kalmykia are considered. It is necessary to carry out the current selection to preserve and improve the genetic potential of animals. In the Republic of Kalmykia, immunogenetic expertise is effectively used in cattle breeding. The purpose of the study was to analyze statistical data on Kalmyk cattle in 1988 and 2018. It was found that the number of livestock increased by 324430 heads over 30 years. A comparative analysis of the exterior data of the animals showed that the bulls-producers in 2018 were more extensive compared to 1988: The difference in withers height was 1.6%, body length was 1.2, chest girth was 1.9, and cannon bone circumference was 5.7% (P<0.95). Positive dynamics were also observed in cows. The average live weight of sire bulls in 2018 was 796.7±3.7 kg, 35.2 kg (4.6%) higher than that of animals in 1988. Cows in 2018 outperformed 1988 animals by 26.1 kg (5.7%) in live weight (P><0.95). I’, C2, L’, and S2 antigens had met less frequently. I’, C2, L’, and S2 antigens had met less frequently. Thus, we can state that for 30 years, there have been changes in the frequency of occurrence of antigens in breeding farms and, consequently, changes in the gene pool. When comparing the increase and decrease in the frequency of occurrence of antigens between the two breeding farms, there are apparent differences, indicating a multidirectional selection.>˂0.95). Positive dynamics were also observed in cows. The average live weight of sire bulls in 2018 was 796.7±3.7 kg, 35.2 kg (4.6%) higher than that of animals in 1988. Cows in 2018 outperformed 1988 animals by 26.1 kg (5.7%) in live weight (P˂0.95). I’, C2, L’, and S2 antigens had met less frequently. I’, C2, L’, and S2 antigens had met less frequently. Thus, we can state that for 30 years, there have been changes in the frequency of occurrence of antigens in breeding farms and, consequently, changes in the gene pool. When comparing the increase and decrease in the frequency of occurrence of antigens between the two breeding farms, there are apparent differences, indicating a multidirectional selection.
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