Fumigant toxicity of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) seed oil volatiles against pulse beetle, Ca//osobruchus maculatus Fab. (Col., Bruchidiae)Abstract: Neem seed extracts and the pure compound present therein have been evaluated for various biological effects on insect and other pests. There is, however, perhaps no report on the evaluation of isolated neem seed volatiles against insect pests. Neem seed volatiles were isolated from need seed oil and evaluated for their bioactivity against eggs, 2-and 15-day-old grubs and adults of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus. All stages were found susceptible to different doses of volatiles. At 200-5Op1 it caused 100-81.6% and 100-25.4% mortality of adults and grubs respectively. Eggs when exposed to 100-200 p1 dose for 3 days failed to hatch. At a 50 p1 dose with a 5-day exposure period the eggs that hatched failed to reach adult stage and terminated as grubs. The adults were found most susceptible followed by grubs and eggs. The effects of the volatiles was time-dependent.
The present study aimed at identifying high yielding genotypes through principal component analysis and cluster analysis by utilizing multilocation data generated by growing 32 germplasm accessions under semi-arid environments of Telangana and Maharashtra states. The evaluation trial was conducted in two Indian states Telangana (Hyderabad) and Maharashtra (Solapur and Savalvihir). R software 3.1.3 package was used to determine the major descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and correlations among the yield contributing traits. Wide range of genetic variation for seed yield and its components were recorded in the accessions studied. Principal component analysis disclosed that the first four components with eigen v a l u e s g r e a t e r t h a n 0. 4 3 contributed about 93.3% of total variability in the studied germplasm involving all the seven characters. The genotypes analysed were grouped into eleven clusters, out of which cluster IX was the largest having six genotypes indicating genetic similarity among them. Character association indicated that among the seven agromorphological traits, five traits viz., days to flowering, days to maturity, head diameter, 100-seed weight and volume weight had significant and positive correlation with seed yield.
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