The aim of this work was to develop a methodology to calculate the cooling curve for the sweetened condensed milk with added whey powder production and to assess the cooling regime effect on the distribution of lactose crystals’ size and their microstructure. It is proposed to use a two-stage cooling curve. At the first stage, the cooling is carried out at a high speed, and at the second with a speed that varies depending on the rate of lactose crystallization. Electron microscopic studies have confirmed the cooling regime effect on the crystals’ microstructure. The practical use of the developed regime showed that the two-stage cooling regime allows to reduce the size of lactose crystals (P < 0.05) and improve the quality of the finished product.
The rolling bearings used in modern rotor machines in the oil-and-gas sector are seen as crucial components. The accuracy of their production complies with the highest operational requirements. However, bearings are also the most probable cause of rotor machine failures. This can be attributed to the friction in support assemblies.
This article considers the mathematical dependencies reflecting the dynamic processes occurring in rolling bearing during operation. It will help construct a modern test-range model for vibration-based diagnostics of bearing systems. The experiments with the practical use of this model showed a fault detection accuracy of 82-84%, which is a very good result.
Modern gas pumping units quite often use gas turbine drives adapted to ground operating conditions. The distribution of failures occurring in such a gas pumping unit tilts towards the engine. The resulting failures can be distributed between various assemblies of the gas turbine drive, but practice shows that the combustion chamber of a gas turbine engine (GTE) is the most dangerous from the standpoints of reliability and safety.
The paper considers the gas turbine drive failure flow distribution. Specific malfunctions inherent in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine engine and their causes such as fuel pressure pulsation, a local increase in the gas flow temperature, flameout or cessation of combustion, damage and burnout of flame tubes, deposits on the combustion chamber elements, fuel injector blockage or burnout, and incomplete fuel combustion have been described in detail.
The paper also proposes a technique developed by the authors for determining the GTE combustion chamber malfunctions by oscillation parameters using a mathematical model explaining the occurrence of certain modulations reflecting specific engine malfunctions.
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