The ovarian reserve is one of the most important indicators of female fertility. It allows for the evaluation of the number of viable oocytes. This parameter is actively used in pregnancy planning and in assisted reproductive technology application, as it determines chances of successful fertilization and healthy pregnancy. Due to increased attention towards diagnostic tests evaluating the ovarian reserve, there has been a growing interest in factors that influence the state of the ovarian reserve. True reasons for pathological changes in the ovarian reserve and volume have not yet been explored in depth, and current diagnostic screening methods often fall short in efficacy. In the following review we analyze existing data relating to the study of the ovarian reserve through genetic testing, determining specific characteristics of the ovarian reserve through genetic profiling. We explore existing studies dedicated to finding specific genetic targets influencing the state of the ovarian reserve.

Resume. Acute cerebral circulatory disorders are characterised by various changes in brain cells, often leading to mass death. This review presents a list of markers associated with different types of cell death occurring in acute cerebral circulation disorders and identifies the importance of these markers in the diagnosis of haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke. Acute cerebral circulation disorder is one of the most debated issues in modern resuscitation and medicine, as it is a severe condition leading to stroke and subsequent patient death, if not treated promptly. However, rapid treatment and diagnosis of stroke is difficult due to the lack of study of morphological signs and biomarkers to reliably determine the nature of the injury. An in-depth analysis and systematization of the available information on this topic is needed. Purpose of the review: to reveal the correspondence between the molecular mechanisms of cell death in acute disorders of cerebral circulation and their morphological manifestations. Material and Methods. A total of 50 most relevant sources of information were selected. The sources were selected from the databases of medical and biological publications PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, RSCI, and fundamental works of scientific literature on the considered topic were involved. Results. The main mechanisms of cell death in stroke were identified and analyzed, the morphological and histological features of the observed processes and their structural manifestations were reviewed. Besides, the most frequently detected molecular markers specific for each type of cell death were listed. Conclusion. The study of molecular pathways and cellular reorganization processes characteristic of different types of cell death as well as their corresponding biological markers is of important diagnostic value in the detection of cerebral circulatory disorders. Determination of morphological and molecular markers typical for this condition will allow a prompt diagnosis of stroke and minimization of its negative consequences.

Acute cerebral circulation disorder is one of the most discussed issues in modern intensive care and neurology, as it is a severe condition, leading to disability or death of the patient, in the absence of immediate medical care. This review discusses general and specific biological markers of stroke, genetic markers of stroke, and current data on their diagnostic significance. The main mechanisms of brain tissue cell death in stroke, such as apoptosis, necrosis, ferroptosis, parthanatosis, sarmoptosis, autolysis, autophagy, oncosis, excitotoxic death are analyzed; the morphological features of the observed processes and their structural manifestations are reviewed. For each type of cell death in nervous tissue, the most frequently detected molecular markers are discussed: specific kinases, Toll-like receptors in the case of apoptosis; serine-threonine protein kinases, components of the polyubiquitin system detected in necrosis; transferrin 1 receptors, typical for ferroptosis; poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase, whose activity increases in parthanatosis; slow Wallerian degeneration protein that accumulates during sarmoptosis; and other biomarkers characteristic of both individual types of nerve cell death and general pathological processes affecting the brain.

Aim. To study the age-related dynamics of structural and functional interactions of striatal neurons in the implementation of acts of motor behaviour in rats of both sexes.Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 36 Wistar rats of both sexes aged 2, 7 and 16 months (n = 6 per group). In animals of all groups, locomotor activity was determined using a Laboras device (Metris, the Netherlands) for15 minutes, after which the brain was sampled to determine the number and size of neurons in the striatum. The median and interquartile range of the index of motor activity and the number of neurons were determined, and to study the relationship between these indicators, a correlation and regression analysis was performed with the construction of linear and polynomial trends, and the coefficient of determination R2 was calculated.Results. The size of neurons did not change significantly with age in the rats of both sexes. The number of neurons differed statistically in the rats of different sexes in all age groups. In male rats, the maximum number of neurons was noted at the age of 7 months with a decrease to 16 months. In female rats, the maximum number of neurons was recorded at the age of 2 months with a further decrease to 7 and 16 months. According to the regression analysis, a linear strong relationship (R2 =0.80 for males, R2 = 0.79 for females) was established between the number of neurons in the striatum and motor activity in 2-month-old animals. At the age of 7 and 16 months the relationship is non-linear.Conclusion. The number of neurons in the striatum is subject to sex and age dynamics, while their size remains unchanged from 2 to 16 months. For animals of both sexes, a decrease in the role of the striatum in providing motor activity in the process of growing up was noted. This relationship reaches its maximum in 2-month-old rats and then decreases.