The main goal of this paper is to present, validate and demonstrate recent improvements to the original particle identification and tracking technique PTV (particle-tracking velocimetry), named EPTV (enhanced particle-tracking velocimetry). In order to improve the performance of the image-processing tools used in EPTV by means of particle-size-based tracking, a new combined two-component pair-matching algorithm has been developed, using both particle-size-related data and data for displacements of possible particles moving similarly within the neighbouring environment. Significant technique improvements have been successfully validated on synthetic images and demonstrated on real-world images. Results show the algorithm's capability to provide high spatial resolution over a wide velocity dynamic range in turbulent flow measurements.
The leakage current and the fatigue properties of Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 (PZT) films prepared by rf-magnetron sputtering on (100)-textured LaNiO 3 electrode were investigated. Sputtering parameters such as excess PbO content in the target, sputtering power, Ar/O 2 ratio, and working pressure were studied. PZT films of the perovskite phase with (100)-preferred orientation can be easily obtained under our sputtering conditions. The optimal sputtering conditions are: 30% excess PbO, sputtering power 40 W, working pressure 5 mTorr, and Ar/O 2 = 95/5. The effect of these sputtering parameters on leakage current and fatigue properties can be explained by the variation of the concentrations of lead vacancies and holes produced by the sputtering conditions. PZT films deposited under these optimal conditions can endure fatigue up to more than 10 11 cycles and possess a low leakage current density (10 −8 -10 −7 A/cm 2 ) at an electric field strength lower than 100 kV/cm. The conduction mechanism of the leakage is proposed to be a Schottky thermionic emission.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.