Over the past century, an increase in life expectancy has been observed in Russia and in the world. According to the United Nations, by 2100, the number of centenarians worldwide will reach 25 million. Despite the annual increase in the number of super-centenarians, this age group remains poorly understood.Aim. To estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and the main risk factors among super-centenarians in Moscow.Material and methods. According to the register of long-livers in Moscow, 82 people aged 95 to 105 were included. Participants were examined at home.The history of life and the presence of chronic diseases was collected by participant words. To assess the state of cardiovascular system, an ultrasound of the heart and main arteries was performed.Results. Conventional CVD risk factors were the exception rather than the rule among study participants (smoking — 8 patients (9,8%), alcohol abuse — 4 (4,9%), obesity — 6 (7,3%)). Dyslipidemia was relatively widespread (n=37; 45,1%), however, there were no pronounced abnormalities in the lipid profile: the maximum increase in low-density lipoproteins was 5,6 mmol/L. The most common CVDs among the participants were hypertension (n=64; 78%), coronary artery disease (n=42; 51,2%), and heart failure (n=26; 31,7%); other diseases were much less common. The most common echocardiographic changes were left atrial dilatation (n=38; 74,5%), increased left ventricular mass, thickening of left ventricular posterior wall (n=24; 48%) and interventricular septum (n=51; 100%). Diastolic and systolic heart failure were not widespread among long-livers: 16 (32%) and 2 (3,9%), respectively. Despite a rather large number of atherosclerotic plaques in the common carotid and femoral arteries, the number of hemodynamically significant plaques was low (n=3; 4,6%). An intima-media thickening up to 1,0-1,1 mm was found.Conclusion. Long-livers in Moscow are characterized by a low prevalence of traditional CVD risk factors (with the exception of hypertension) and a fairly high prevalence of atherosclerotic CVDs, which are characterized by a subclinical course.
The long-livers of Moscow: functional, cognitive and emotional status. Aim: To evaluate the functional, cognitive and emotional state of long-livers for determining the amount of necessary assistance from social services and medical personnel.Methods: According to the register of super-long-livers of Moscow, 82 people aged from 95 to 105 years were recruited. Participants looked around at home. When visiting, the comprehensive geriatric assessment were performed for each paitent, including an assessment of the overall level of physical and instrumental activity, mental status and cognitive functions. The following questionnaires were used for the assessment: a brief scale of mental status assessment (MMSE), a geriatric scale of depression, the Barthel index (activity in everyday life), IADL (assessment of instrumental activity), to assess the quality of life, a visual assessment scale (VAS) was used.Result: The study showed that, on average, people who reached or were approaching the 100th anniversary had a high level of instrumental (15.6 +/–5.4) and daily activity (72 +/–27.8). In general, no significant decrease in cognitive functions (21.8 +/–5.6) and emotional level (6.3 +/–4.1) was detected in the study participants.Conclusion: The first data showed the uniqueness and fragility of people in this age group. Future work using a similar integrated and multidimensional approach is necessary for a better understanding of aging processes and risk factors worsening the condition of patients, ensuring an increase in the number of centenarians with a high level of life satisfaction.
Цель статьи: рассмотреть ведение пациентки старческого возраста с артериальной гипертензией (АГ) и синдромом старческой астении (ССА) в практике кардиолога. Основные положения. АГ является основной причиной сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и смерти у пациентов старше 65 лет. Снижение артериального давления (АД) эффективно в предотвращении инсульта и других сердечно-сосудистых событий. Однако при развитии ССА высокие цифры АД могут рассматриваться как компенсаторный механизм для поддержания перфузии головного мозга, а низкие уровни АД-как индикатор старения сердечно-сосудистой системы. Тактика ведения пациентов старшего возраста зависит от функционального статуса, определяемого в ходе комплексной гериатрической оценки (КГО), что иллюстрируется описанием клинического случая. Заключение. Тактика ведения пациентов с АГ и ССА основывается на определении функционального статуса по данным КГО. Ключевые слова: артериальная гипертензия, ортостатическая гипотония, старшие возрастные группы, синдром старческой астении, функциональный статус.
Aim: to estimate the associations between employment status, functional and cognitive status, physical health, and geriatric syndromes in women aged 55–64. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study included 250 women aged 55 to 64 years. Sociodemographic factors, functional and cognitive status, health status, risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCD), and presence of NCD were analyzed. The prevalence of changes indicative of geriatric syndromes was estimated. Results. The study included 250 women aged 55–64 years (mean age 59.3 ± 2.9 years). Risk factors (RF) for NCD were identified in all subjects. Abdominal obesity and lipid metabolism disorders (increased blood cholesterol levels and LDL cholesterol levels) were the most common RFs for NCD. The incidence of dyslipidemia as RF NCD was 94%. CVD, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, gastrointestinal tract (GIT), varicose veins of the lower extremities, and endocrine pathology prevailed in NCD. In women aged 55–64 years, aging increases the likelihood that a woman will not work by 2.5 times, using ≥two assistive devices — 2 times, the presence of urinary incontinence/ leakage — 2.3 times, probable depression — 2.7 times. Conclusion: geriatric syndromes are primarily associated with a decrease in functional activity in women aged 55-64 years; this association is associated with socio-demographic, economic factors, and health status (the presence of FRs for NCD and NCD themselves).
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