For research, we used a root crop grinder with improved operational properties, which ensures the grinding of juicy vegetable raw materials (fodder, sugar and semi-sugar beets, rutabaga, turnips, carrots, potatoes) into pieces in the form of a parallelepiped of sizes corresponding to zootechnical requirements. The rationale for the action of forces on tubers in a stationary reference system in the process of cutting potatoes is given, the shape of which, with some assumption, is accepted as a ball. Based on the laws of mechanics, the authors obtained an analytical expression of the value of the optimum angle of inclination of the contradiction of the cutting apparatus of a particular chopper, depending on the size of the tuber, the height of the horizontal knife and the coefficient of friction. Given the values of these parameters, it is possible to fully carry out a theoretical and practical analysis of the limiting value of the angle of inclination of the contradiction of the cutting apparatus and its effect on the rolling of the tuber, as well as on its pinching.
Mechanical drives have become the most widely used in design of agricultural machinery. In comparison to drives of machinery applied in other sectors of national economy, they are distinguished by their design features, performance, and cost-performance ratio. In this regard, diagnostics of mechanically driven parts of agricultural machinery is a key to the overall harvester diagnostics. In practice, health of drives is tested with subjective assessment methods, as a rule. The authors suggest application of a kinematic method for diagnostics of agricultural machinery drive trains during their operation; this method implies analysis of position changes and movement of mating parts: wear of parts and backlash of mating drive parts may be assessed by establishment of geometric parameters of diagnostics (linear and angular movements). The total transmission backlash may be established by dynamic torque appearing in transient states of mechanism operation; such total backlash characterizes dynamic errors in movement of an outlet member, which is a result of dependence of equivalent moment of inertia and drag torque from the velocity transmission error. Such diagnostics of potato harvester transmission allows checking of backlashes in separate sections of the chain, as well as assessment of quality of its components adjustment and maintenance. The research data were used for evaluation of overall engineering state of the harvester and determination of dynamic parameters of its components drives.
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