The objective of this research is to assess the distribution of heavy metals in the waters and sediments of the Voghji River and its tributaries impacted by mining activity and to reveal the real source of each of the heavy metals in the environment for assessing the pollution level of heavy metals. Voghji River with two main tributaries (Geghi and Norashenik) drain two mining regions. To identify distribution and pollution sources of heavy metals, the water and sediment samples were collected from eight sampling sites. The results of statistical analysis based on data sets of the period 2014–2016 showed that, after the influence of drainage water and wastewater of mining regions, heavy metal contents in the Voghji River basin dramatically increased. The waters of the Voghji River were highly polluted by Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, and Pb. The relation of metals content was highly changed due to anthropogenic impact disturbing the geochemical balance of the Voghji River. The water quality based on only heavy metal contents in the source of the Voghji River belongs to “good” chemical status, and in the sources of Geghi and Norashenik Rivers it is “moderate.” The water quality of Voghji and Norashenik Rivers is sharply worsening after the influence of mining activity, becoming “bad” chemical status. The research revealed the pollution sources of each metal.
Until now, ischemic heart disease and chronic heart failure (HF) remain the biggest problem of health care in the world [1]. Due to diseases of cardiovascular system and reduction of heart pumping function millions of people live with HF [2]. There were developed many methods of HF treatment, but in some cases they do not solve the problem. One of the newest and prospective approaches is stem cells (SCs) transplantation. In most researches SCs transplantation led to significant improvement of contractile ability of the left ventricle (LV) myocardium in both animals [3] and people [4,5] at ischemia lesion. It was proved that stem cells improve patients' survival and quality of life [6]. However, several other studies have shown a chance of complications and adverse side effects at SCs transplantation [7][8][9]. These differences are explained by the use of SCs from various sources and, consequently, with different properties.Experiments on animals have shown an effectiveness of cord blood SCs in restoration of myocardial contractility [10][11][12][13]
MATERIALS AND METHODS. According to the data echocardiography we analyzed the changes of intracardiac hemodynamics in patients with decreased myocardial contractility, who underwent intravenous transplantation of cord blood stem cells in case of ineffective traditional conservative therapy schemes of heart failure (HF).
RESULTS. Left ventricular ejection fraction before cord blood stem cells transplantation was 22.0 ± 5.0%, 1 month after
Purpose of the study. Determination of
transplantation efficiency of cord blood stem
cells (CB SC) for damage to the myocardium and
assessment of the repair of its disturbed functions
in the experiment.
Materials and methods. The experiment was
conducted on mice of the FVB line at the age of 5 months,
with a body weight of 25–30 g. Animals were divided
into experimental groups of 5 animals in each. The
animals of the study group were derived from the
experiment before the SC suspension injection, after
2 days, 4 and 8 weeks after cell transplantation.
Results. Analysis of morphofunctional changes
after the introduction of cord blood cells in 4 and
8 weeks compared to the original state (3 weeks
after modeling of the isoproterenol induced
myocardial injury model) has established a clear
tendency to improve the investigated parameters.
The confirmed phenomenon of self-referral of cord
blood nto the lesion zone proves the expediency
of transplantation by intravenous injection of a
suspension of CB SC. It has been established that
transplantation of CB SC causes a temporary
deterioration of morphofunctional features, which
may be a manifestation of the body's response to
xenotransplantation. The CB SC transplantation
has a positive effect on the isoproterenol-induced
myocardial injury model.
Conclusions: 1. Accumulation of CBSC in the
zone of injury after transplantation, proved by
experimental research.
2. CB SC transplantation
accelerates the processes of myocardial regeneration on the model of injury in laboratory animals.
3.Intravenous injection of the CB SC suspension to the
models of myocardial injury proved to be effective.
4. The experimental results obtained can serve as
the basis for further clinical studies in patients with
heart failure.
Keywords: stem cells, transplantation, model injury, umbilical cord blood.
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