The article studies a modernized conical air grain separator. It describes modern agricultural production and post-harvest grain processing in the north of Omsk region. The need for using new farm developments for cleaning grain is substantiated. The design of a modernized conical air grain separator is described. The modernization concerns the accelerated efficient removal of light impurities. Some modes of the system of forced removal of light fraction are effective when cleaning grain from light impurities using a conical air separator. The loss of high-grade grain may increase. To test the consistency of the hypothesis, two series of experiments were carried out. During the first series, the field of air flow velocities was investigated. It resembles a downward convex figure associated with the loss of air friction against the walls. During the second series, experiments on cleaning grain from impurities with the participation of a system for removing light impurities were conducted. A classic experiment with a conical air separator and a working system for removing light impurities was carried out and its results were processed. It was found that the height of the probe rise above the edge of the conical air separator, equal to 20 mm, gives the highest result when removing light impurities. The processes were interpreted and the results obtained were analyzed. A comparison of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the modernized separator with those of the classical one was carried out. It was found that the system of forced removal of light impurities is efficient: with fixed separation completeness, the performance of the separator increases 1.6 times.
The analysis of various methods of sowing of grain crops showed that the introduction of indirect sowing in agricultural production contributes to the increase in their productivity. The authors propose justified structural and technological scheme of the sowing system in order to ensure a uniform distribution of seeds over the feeding area to a given depth with their subsequent seeding. The main element of the sowing system is the pneumatic seed feed. Due to the movement in the airflow, the seeds of grain crops at the moment of the concussion against the surface of the distributor have sufficient speed to reach any point on the surface under a V-shaped weep; this contributes to the uniform distribution of seeds across the entire width of the sowing strip.
The article is devoted to the development of a mathematical model of seed dissemination process with a colter drill equipped with a discharge channel across the feeding area. This mathematical model makes it possible to determine the optimal technological and constructive parameters of the colter drill of the planter.
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