The activities of functioning and planning new transboundary protected natural territories inevitably require the availability and quality of cartographic rationale for the countries participating in the process. In many cases, the low involvement of near-border areas into economic activity provides a sufficient degree of ecosystem protection. The possibility of organizing transboundary specially protected natural areas appears in territories most significant in the view of preserving the natural diversity, adjacent to the borders of neighboring states, where arranging specially protected natural areas is extremely actual. The authors consider the task of applying the cartographic rationale at creating transboundary specially protected natural areas by the example of five territories operating at the beginning of 2019 in accordance with the concluded interstate agreements
We revealed the regional features of the functioning of the erosion-channel systems of the Angara, Upper Lena, Selenga, and Upper Amur basins in the south of Eastern Siberia and examined the action of sloping non-channel, temporary, and permanent channel water flows, and presented the patterns of the spatial distribution of soil and gully erosion belts. The development conditions and factors of fluvial processes are considered and the role of cryogenic processes in the increasing activity of water flows is emphasized. The interdecadal dynamic cycles of the erosion-accumulative processes are revealed. A quantitative assessment of soil loss from erosion on agricultural land in the forest-steppe basins was carried out. We made an assessment of the plane deformation of the upper course of the Lena river (Siberian platform) and Irkut (Baikal rift zone and the Irkutsk-Cheremkhovo plain) using cartographic sources of different times, aerial photographs, and satellite imagery. The contribution of extreme fluvial events to sediment redistribution in river basins is shown. Particular attention is paid to the mudflow impact, floods, and channel deformations on the ecological state of the basin systems.
On the night of June 28, 2014, near the village of Arshan in Tunkinsky district, Republic of Buryatia in eastern Siberia, two types of debris flows were formed as a result of intense storm precipitation: 1) debris floods along the river Kyngarga; 2) debris flows along the valleys originating from the cirques of the southern slope of the Tunkinsky Goltsy range, which went in the south-west direction towards the village. A year later, July 14, 2015, in the village of Arshan a debris flood occurred in the river Kyngarga. During the Holocene debris flows have occurred repeatedly, traces of which are seen in the sections of loose deposits. Their age was defined with the help of radiocarbon analysis of buried soil horizons. A historical analysis of debris flow activity on the territory for more than a century was made using published scientific works. Natural factors for the formation of debris flow situation were considered (synoptic and climatic conditions, hydrology, geology and landscape structure were evaluated). Reasons for the most recent debris flows were defined. A detailed analysis was given of the valleys of a number of rivers where results of debris flows were the most destructive. As a result of the debris flow along the river Kharimta, realignment of the river network took place. Consequences of debris flows for the natural environment and infrastructure of the village of Arshan were evaluated. It is considered that the partial destruction of the village of Arshan is a distinct possibility in the near future due to debris flows from cirque #1.
The approaches and natural preconditions of territorial differentiation of recreational activities within the boundaries of Baikal natural territory (Buryat republic) are considered in the article on a landscape basis. The intensity of tourism development in different landscapes should correspond to their resistance to recreational loads. The integral estimation of stability was calculated in qualitative categories on the basis of a combination of indicators of average and minimum componentwise stability, taking into account their importance in recreational action and the presence of component stability zero values. The low-mountain pine, larch-pine and cedar-larch landscapes, light coniferous and dark coniferous landscapes of valleys, as well as arable land are characterized by the highest indicators of recreational stability. Goltzy and sub-walnut landscapes, as well as wetlands are characterized by low stability. The map of the landscapes stability to the impact of tourism activities has been created by the method of landscape-interpretation mapping. This map will allow further planning of recreational loads in the Central Ecological Zone of the Baikal Natural Territory (Republic of Buryat).
Oyek-river basin (right tributary of the Kuda-river) was used as a model site for revealing the features of the structure of river basins in the low-water karst region. Using the methodical approach of the Horton analysis, which was improved by Yu. G. Simonov, the main structural indices of the basin - bifurcation indices, lengths, areas, slopes, geomorphological work for sub-basins of the third order were determined. An analysis of the distribution of indices showed the greatest spread of the western part of the basin in the upper links of the erosion network. It is determined that the third-order sub-basins located in the western part within the Irkutsk-Cheremkhovskaya plain have the greatest homogeneity of structural indices, and the sub-basins of the Kudinskaya depression have the greatest diversity in the distribution of structural indices. An analysis of the distribution of the indicators of geomorphological work showed that significant work on the transfer of matter is performed by tributaries of the first orders of the western part of the basin, and maximum inflows are carried out in tributaries in the basins with the largest areas.
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