A new pyrano coumarin, identified as excavatin A (1) together with two known compounds nordentatin (2) and binorpocitrin (3) was isolated from the 95% EtOH extract of Clausena excavata. All structures were elucidated by using spectroscopy methods such as extensive NMR and HR-FAB-MS spectrometry. All the isolated compounds were tested on antidiabetes activity by using a-glucosidase inhibition assay and the antioxidant activity by DPPH assay. Compounds 1-3 showed antioxidant activity with IC 50 values 0.286, 0.02, 0.278 mM. Among them, 2 exhibited inhibition activity against maltase (IC 50 5.45 mM) and sucrase (IC 50 43.57 mM). However, compounds (1) and (3) displayed inhibition on yeast a-glucosidase with IC 50 values 1.92 and 5.58 mM.
All around the world, patients with diabetes and the prevalence of its disease are currently growing. Due to these side effects of oral hypoglycemic agents and oxidative stress in complicating diabetes, there is growing interest in drugs, which possess dual function as both type II diabetes mellitus treatment and oxidative stress treatment. The objective of this research is to search effective antidiabetes and antioxidant bioactive compounds from the Myanmar medicinal plant Clausena excavata. The root part of C. excavata was successfully extracted with 95% ethanol and followed by column chromatographic separation technique. The structure of isolated pure compounds was elucidated by using methods of spectroscopic such as UV-Vis, IR, NMR and HRFABMS spectrometry. The α-glucosidase inhibition assay was performed against baker's yeast and rat intestine (sucrose and maltase) α-glucosidases. The activity of isolated compounds' antioxidant was measured by using DPPH assay. Among the tested enzymes, the two isolated compounds, which were dentatin (1) and heptaphylline (2), exhibited highest inhibitory on maltase enzymes with IC 50 values 6.75 and 11.46 µM; as positive control, acarbose (IC 50 , 2.35 µM) was utilized. Moreover, scavenging activity was found to be present upon seeing the result of antioxidant activity investigation of (1) and (2) (IC 50 values 2.66 and 1.55 mM), where ascorbic acid (IC 50 0.012 mM) was used as standard. Both compounds showed their antidiabetic and antioxidant activity with different fashion, especially exhibited strongest activity against on maltase α-glucosidase.
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