The aim of the present study was extended from obtaining information about the interaction of gamma rays with Makrofol DE 7-2 track detector to introduce the basis that can be used in concerning simple sensor for gamma irradiation and bio-engineering applications. Makrofol polymer samples were irradiated with 1.25 MeV 60Co gamma radiations at doses ranging from 20 to 1000 kG y. The modifications of irradiated samples so induced were analyzed using UV–vis spectrometry, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and the measurements of Vickers’ hardness. Moreover, the change in wettability of irradiated Makrofol was investigated by the contact angle determination of the distilled water. UV–vis spectroscopy shows a noticeable decrease in the energy band gap due to gamma irradiation. This decrease could be attributed to the appearance of a shift to UV spectra toward higher wavelength region after irradiation. Photoluminescence spectra reveal a remarkable change in the integrated photoluminescence intensity with increasing gamma doses, which may be resulted from some matrix disorder through the creation of some defected states in the irradiated polymer. The hardness was found to increase from 4.78 MPa for the unirradiated sample to 23.67 MPa for the highest gamma dose. The contact angle investigations show that the wettability of the modified samples increases with increasing the gamma doses. The result obtained from present investigation furnishes evidence that the gamma irradiations are a successful technique to modify the Makrofol DE 7-2 polymer properties to use it in suitable applications.
The Sn–3.8Ag-0.7Cu -1.0 wt.% Zn (SACZ) plain solder alloy was reinforced by 0.3 wt.% of TiO2 nanoparticles (NP). SEM, XRD, DSC, and stress-strain characterization techniques were used to examine the synthesized samples. The morphology of the samples is uniform and the grain size of the SACZ-TiO2 sample is refined compared to the plain solder. The TiO2 addition improved the crystallinity of the SACZ sample. Furthermore, the melting temperature of the prepared samples has the same value even if its pasty range is decreased by adding TiO2 NP. The mechanical properties of the examined samples were investigated at different temperatures and different strain rates. The activation energy (Q) of the SACZ-TiO2 is lower than that of the SACZ sample. The results of this study confirm that the 0.3 wt.% TiO2 addition improves the physical properties of SACZ alloy.
Ca12Al14O33 (C12A7) and Y0.02Ca11.98Al14O33 (Y-C12A7) single crystals were grown by using the traveling-solvent floating zone (TSFZ) method. The temperature was increased to avoid the bubbles and cracks which may be formed during the preparation of the ingot material. We have started with the flux higher than the normal to avoid the bubbles and make good treatment for the solid-liquid interface. The structures of both Ca12Al14O33 (C12A7) and Y0.02Ca11.98Al14O33 (Y-C12A7) were studied by using x-ray diffraction (XRD). Optical properties for C12A7 and Y-C12A7 single crystals have been studied in order to determine the optical parameters such as optical energy gap (E
g), refractive index n, oscillating energy (E
o), dispersion energy (E
d), volume energy loss function (VELF), and surface energy loss function (SELF). Finally, a new result for these samples is that the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ
(3)) was determined. The results have been discussed with effect of Y-doping on the C12A7 single crystals for optical and industrial applications.
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