Two cemented plots experiments were carried out during the winter seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014, Soil Salinity Laboratory, Alexandria, Egypt, to study the effect of three levels of salicylic acid (SA) (0, 50, 100 ppm) and three rates of nitrogen fertilizer (75, 100, 125 kg N/feddan) on yield and yield components of wheat (Sakha 93). The experimental design was split plot with four replicates. The results indicated that increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates resulted in significant increase in plant height (cm), number of grain/spike, number of spikes/m 2 , 1000 grain weight (gm), grain yield (gm/plot), straw yield (gm/plot), and biological yield (gm/plot). Increasing salicylic acid rates resulted in significant increase in all the previous characters, in addition to grain weight/spike (gm). The interactions had no significant effect on the studied characters. The path analysis revealed that 1000 grain weight was the most important character with direct effect of 0.54 followed by number of spikes/m 2 with direct effect of 0.33 followed by number of grain/spike with direct effect of 0.16.
Background: Two field experiments were carried out during the two successive winter seasons of 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 in Research and Production Station, National Research Centre, Al-Nubaria District, Al-Behaira Governorate, Egypt. This work was carried out to study the effect of sludge and compost application combined with biofertilizers on yield and yield components as well as nutrient content of grains. Results: The obtained results showed that either sludge or compost as organic fertilizers increased most yield parameters, i.e., spike length, weight of spike, and number and weight of grains per spike. Grain and straw yield as well as biological yield ton/faddan increased by either sludge or compost as compared with chemical fertilizers. Nutrient uptake of wheat grain increased also by both fertilizer and dual application with either sludge or compost with biofertilizers. Conclusion: From the obtained results, it was revealed that application of compost or sludge with either "azotobacter" or yeast as biofertilizers has superior promoting effect on yield and yield components as well as nutrient content of the grains than chemical fertilizers. Thus, it can be recommended to substitute chemical fertilization by these organic and biofertilizers to obtain high productivity of wheat.
Background
Using of nanoparticles in various aspects of life including agriculture, medicine and industry is very crucial. One of the important source for Fe nutrition in plants is Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4NPs) due to its efficiency in releasing under different pH range. Thus, in the Model Farm of National Research Centre Egypt at El Tour South Sinai, a field experiment was carried out, to study the effect of different concentration of Fe3O4NPs (0, 20, 40, 60 ppm) on the physiological parameters and the nutritive value of Moringa under saline condition.
Results
The obtained results indicate that foliar spraying of Fe3O4NPs significantly promote growth (plant height, branches leaves number per plant, leaf area, stem diameter and biomass). Foliar treatment also increased photosynthetic pigments (chlo.a, chlo b, chlo a/b and carotenoids) and indole acetic acid (IAA) contents comparing with control. Hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation contents of Moringa oleifera leaves were decreased significantly as compared with control plant. The maximum activities of antioxidant enzymes Peroxidase (POX), poly phenol oxidase (PPO), super oxide dismutase (SOD) and nitrate reductase (NR) were observed in plants treated with 40 ppm. Different concentrations of Fe3O4NPs increased significantly crude protein, crude fiber and ash percentages as well as, some nutrient contents of moringa leaves (N, P, K and K/Na) compared with untreated control plants, meanwhile decreased Na contents.
Conclusion
Treatment of Moringa oleifera plant with Fe3O4NPs at different concentrations greatly decrease the harmful effect of salinity on growth by its promotive role on different studied biochemical and physiological aspects.
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