The information on the structure of fatty acids is crucial for the production and promotion of goat and sheep milk in the manufacture of dairy products. The fatty-acid profile of milk fat can affect the nutritional value and market value of dairy products. The purpose of the research is to study the properties of fatty-acid composition of goat and sheep milk and its transformation in the process of yogurt production. The study of fatty-acid composition was performed using the method of gas chromatography. The milk of goats of Zaanen breed and sheep of North Caucasian breed, as well as yogurt produced from a mixture of goat and sheep milk in a ratio of 1:1 have become the objects of the study. It was found that goat’s milk contains 12% less saturated fatty acids than sheep’s milk. Oleic, stearic and palmitic acids are the main fatty acids found in the fat phase of milk and yogurt production. Changes in the concentration of individual fatty acids during milk processing and in the period of yogurt storage were noted. As a result of maturation and seven-day storage, the amount of saturated fatty acids in yogurt increased by 5% compared to the original milk mixture. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in yogurt decreased by 19.27 %. The highest ratio value of hypocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic fatty acids was noted in goat milk. It is proved that goat milk is characterized by the most acceptable fatty acid composition in terms of healthy nutrition and prevention of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. A tendency to reduce the amount of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, with a simultaneous increase in the content of saturated fatty acids is noted in the process of yogurt production and storage. It was found that the production of yogurt with the use of goat’s milk in the mixture allows reducing the values of atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices. The results of the study provide an information basis for the production of qualitatively new fermented milk drinks with a fatty-acid profile favorable for human health.
The aim of this research was to study the fatty acid composition of Camembert cheese fat phase. The object of the research was the sheep’s milk Camembert soft cheese. The Camembert soft cheese was made from sheep’s milk pasteurized at 63∘C for 30 minutes before production, using cultures Penicillium camemberti, Geotrichum candidum, as well as Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus cremoris, Lactococcus diacetylactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. cremoris. The study of the cheese fatty acid composition during maturation was carried out using the gas chromatography method in accordance with the state industry standard of the Russian Federation 32915-2014 ”Milk and dairy products. The determination of fatty acid composition of the fat phase by gas chromatography”. The fatty acids profile in the process of cheese maturation changed significantly. There was an increase in the short chain fatty acids concentration: oil (C4:0) kapron (C6:0), capryl (C8:0). A change in the lauric acid content (C12: 0) and myristic acid (C14: 0) showed a similar trend but with less dynamics. On the 14th day of maturation, the concentration of lauric acid (C12:0) increased by 30%, myristic acid (C14:0) – by 13%. At the beginning of the maturation period, the C18:1n9t isomer consisted about 70% of the total fatty acid trans-isomers. During maturation, the concentration of C18:1n9t decreased by 98%. It was found that, regardless of the maturation period, fatty acids C10: 0, C14: 0, C16: 0, C18: 0, C18: 1 t11 and C18: 1c9 consisted about 73% of the total fatty acids. There was a decrease in the concentration of w-6-polyunsaturated fatty acids with a simultaneous increase in the concentration of w-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The results can serve as a basis for comparative analysis development tools and strategies aimed at improving the nutritional characteristics of sheep’s milk cheese.
Аннотация. Процесс социального воспроизводства, связанный с передачей моделей поведения, ценностных установок и векторов развития, чрезвычайно важен для сохранения стабильности и целостности социальной структуры. Молодёжь является наиболее активной, динамично развивающейся социальной группой, и от её характеристик во многом зависит будущее общества. В статье проводится аналитическое рассмотрение основных проблем, связанных с реализацией процесса социального воспроизводства. Рассмотрено значение индивидуалистических и коллективистских социальных установок как факторов передачи социальных традиций. Определены статические и динамические факторы нарушения преемственности социальных ценностей. Проведён общий обзор текущих тенденций развития общества и определены приоритетные направления оптимизации ситуации.
Energy saving in technological processes of agro-industrial complex is an integral part of the development of a market economy, since nowadays there is a total interest of suppliers and consumers in economical energy supply. At present, the concept of electromagnetic compatibility in matters of power quality assurance covers almost any type of interaction between various devices and systems using electromagnetic phenomena, as well as the interaction of these systems with living organisms. There is an increasing need to analyze the impact of energy losses on energy efficiency in general and the need to analyze additionally arising losses caused by a sharp deterioration in the power quality readings. At present stage, more accurate information is required about the state of the electrical networks modes to determine the level of losses and reduce the commercial component of losses. In this situation, power systems require more accurate forecasts of the load of distribution networks in order to achieve excellence in operation, planning the development of networks and optimization of energy resources management, but the process of high-quality compensation remains rather complicated due to the growth of distortions in low-voltage distribution networks. In contrast to the existing solutions, the authors of the article offer to introduce into the method (algorithm) for controlling a compensation device the operation of forecasting the value of active power of non-stationary non-linear load on the forthcoming period of the supply mains voltage according to the results of monitoring the change in the active power of the load during the previous periods and statistical processing of the data obtained.
The possibility of using a neurocontroller to control the aeration mode in the air supply circuit with a compressor unit has been investigated. The control algorithm is implemented using a multi-layer feedforward neural network. The control object model in the study included a frequency converter, motor and compressor. The analysis of the properties of the system was carried out by evaluating the obtained transients using MATLAB. The results showed that the system has high quality indicators in stabilization and programmed control modes.
The use of chemical methods of weed control is an effective means of weed control. However, the use of large amounts of herbicides leads to environmental pollution, contaminates food, and adversely affects the health of people working with chemical herbicides. The safest method is to mechanically remove weeds by pulling the rooted weeds out of the soil or cutting and driving the weeds under the soil. Robots use pneumatic, hydraulic, or electrical systems to control weed cutters. Electrical systems are more efficient than other systems. It is proposed to use a tubular linear electric motor to drive the weed remover. An experimental sample of a tubular linear electric motor has been manufactured. His experimental studies showed that at a current of 8 A, the mechanical force from the movement of the movable rod is 500 N, and this value is sufficient for an actuator for weed control. Based on the results of experimental studies, a scheme of a weeding robot with two tubular linear electric motors has been developed to drive the weed control mechanism in the horizontal and vertical planes.
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