The study aims to evaluate the potency of two hundred natural antiviral phytocompounds against the active site of the Severe Acquired Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus À 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Main-Protease (M pro) using AutoDock 4.2.6. The three-dimensional crystal structure of the M pro (PDB Id: 6LU7) was retrieved from the Protein Data Bank (PDB), the active site was predicted using MetaPocket 2.0. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved viral protease inhibitors were used as standards for comparison of results. The compounds theaflavin-3-3'-digallate, rutin, hypericin, robustaflavone, and (-)-solenolide A with respective binding energy of À12.41 (Ki ¼ 794.96 pM); À11.33 (Ki ¼ 4.98 nM); À11.17 (Ki ¼ 6.54 nM); À10.92 (Ki ¼ 9.85 nM); and À10.82 kcal/mol (Ki ¼ 11.88 nM) were ranked top as Coronavirus Disease À 2019 (COVID-19) M pro inhibitors. The interacting amino acid residues were visualized using Discovery Studio 3.5 to elucidate the 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional interactions. The study was validated by i) re-docking the N3-peptide inhibitor-M pro and superimposing them onto co-crystallized complex and ii) docking decoy ligands to M pro. The ligands that showed low binding energy were further predicted for and pharmacokinetic properties and Lipinski's rule of 5 and the results are tabulated and discussed. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed for 50 ns for those compounds using the Desmond package, Schr€ odinger to assess the conformational stability and fluctuations of protein-ligand complexes during the simulation. Thus, the natural compounds could act as a lead for the COVID-19 regimen after in-vitro and in-vivo clinical trials.

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The notion of hygiene is built on the relationship between cleanliness and the maintenance of good health. Hand washing technique is the rubbing together of all parts of the hands, including all the clefts using soap and water. Hand hygiene is the first step in preventing cross-transmission of microorganisms, which can help in prevention of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs). The entire world is in fact, emphasizing the importance of hand wash for the prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic. The germs causing infection in a health care setting can be transmitted through contaminated hands. Health care-associated pathogens can be acquired from any source, mainly from infected or draining wounds, patients’ skin, aprons they wear, mattresses they use, bedside furniture and other objects in the immediate environment of the patient. Organisms such as S. aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella spp., Acinetobacter spp., Enterococci, play an important role in HAIs. Although hand hygiene procedures are relatively simple, several studies have mentioned that health care workers do not adhere to this properly. Poor hand hygiene compliance has been one of the leading contributory factors to Health Care Acquired Infections (HCAIs). Reasons for low hand hygiene adherence include location of sinks in an inconvenient place, tight work schedule, reluctance as well as lack of role models and not being aware of implementation guidelines. Aim: To analyze the awareness of hand hygiene among health care workers in a hospital set-up for infection control. The goal of the study is to get a better insight of and explore the knowledge and awareness on hand hygiene among health care workers in a tertiary care hospital. Objective: To find out the lacunae in hand hygiene and to formulate and take measures to prevent HAIs and multidrug-resistant pathogens. Methods: The study was done through a self-administered questionnaire. Results: A total of 134 people participated which included 75 doctors (56%), 38 nurses (28.4%), 11 lab technicians (8.2%) and others (7.4%). The overall response was good. Both the nurses and doctors had adequate knowledge about hand hygiene. However, the nurses had better knowledge regarding the steps of hand wash (78.9%) and the disposal of biomedical waste (94.7%). The knowledge about hand hygiene and biomedical waste management was better among nurses and lab technicians. Conclusion: Most health professionals had adequate knowledge about hand hygiene. However, they did not have adequate practice of handwashing which can be initiated with effective training. Antimicrobial soap should be available and should be easily accessible for routine hand wash in all patient care areas to improve hand hygiene and to prevent hospital acquired infections.

Phyllanthus amarus is a small herb used in tradicinal medicine worldwide. The phytoconstituents of seeds of this plant is evaluated for various medicinal properties.This study was done to evaluate analgesic activity of Phyllanthus amarus seeds in albino mice.Analgesic activity of methanolic extract of Phyllanthus seeds was evaluated using hot plate and Tail clip animal models. Normal saline was used as control drug and standard drug was Morphine and 50 mg,100 and 200 mg/kg of methanolic extract of Phyllanthus seeds was used as test drugs. Phyllanthus seed extract showed statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in the reaction time of animals as compared to control at doses of 100mg/kg and 200 mg/kg at 60 min of drug administration in hot plate method and at 30 min and 60 min of drug administration in tail clip method.The results of the present study shows that methanolic extract of seeds of Phyllanthus amarus showed central analgesic activity in both hot plate and tail clip models in albino mice.

Purpose The main aim of this study was to detect the presence of JAK2 mutation and its assessment in relation to the clinical, hematological, and mutational profile of young patients with established polycythemia. Methods Cross-sectional observational study was undertaken over a period of 1 year in a tertiary care center. Sixty patients were included in our study between the age 18 and 50 years with confirmed diagnosis of polycythemia vera. Reports of all the investigations including bone marrow biopsy and JAK2 mutation testing were assessed. Results Presence of JAK2 mutation V617F was found in 38% patients, while bone marrow panmyelosis was present in 67% patients. Higher mean hemoglobin levels were observed in JAK2 mutation-positive patients, compared with those who were negative. Thrombosis-related complications were observed in five patients, all of whom were JAK2 mutation positive, while out of the 18 patients requiring phlebotomy, 15 patients were JAK2 mutation positive. Conclusion JAK2 mutation V617F in young Indian population is seen in significantly less cases as compared with Western data, while bone marrow panmyelosis is frequently observed and thus a significant finding for diagnosing polycythemia in our setting. Median hemoglobin was greater for JAK2 mutation-positive cases and so were the phlebotomy requirements and thrombotic events occurrences. Forty-two percent patients had history of some exposure to high-altitude areas adhering to the fact that high altitude is an established risk factor for developing polycythemia and the same is reinforced by our study.

Background: Epilepsy is a disorder characterised by recurrent seizures of cerebral origin with episodes of sensory, motor phenomenon with or without loss of consciousness. The present study was taken up to evaluate the anticonvulsant effect of aqueous extract of leaves of Adhatoda vasica in rats. Objectives of this study is to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica leaves on Pentylenetetrazol induced seizures in albino rats and to compare the effect of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica leaves with standard dose of sodium valproate on Pentylenetetrazol induced seizures in albino rats.Methods: Anticonvulsant activity of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica was analysed using PTZ (Pentylenetetrazol) model. Groups used were distilled water as control group, Sodium valproate as standard for Pentylenetetrazol and two doses of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica (100mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) for this screening model. Parameters observed for PTZ models were abolition of clonic seizures and time duration between injection of PTZ and onset of seizures.Results: In PTZ model, test group at 200 mg/kg showed 33.33% protection for abolition of clonic seizures, though not comparable to standard group. There was significant increase in the duration of onset of clonic seizures after PTZ injection in both test groups (at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) when compared to control group.Conclusions: Aqueous extract of leaves of Adhatoda vasica has shown significant anticonvulsant action in PTZ model.

Our aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of virtual reality training for hand dexterity in Parkinson’s subjects. Parkinson’s disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. Parkinson’s disease (PD) includes multi level impairments in functional, motor activities which leads to worsening the patient's physical and psychological disabilities, more than 10 million people worldwide are living with Parkinson’s disease. Hand dexterity is as essential as walking ability or postural stabilization or maintaining independence and quality of daily living activities. A comparative study was done with 20 samples. The study was conducted in ACS Medical College and Hospitals, Physiotherapy OP, Krrish Physiotherapy clinic. The duration of treatment was 8 weeks. Both male and female individuals with Parkinson’s disease in concern about hand dexterity difficulty, between the age of 50-55 were included. PD with other neurologic diagnosis, Cognitive impairments, Vision impairments, Uncooperative medication, Cardiac problems, uncooperative were excluded. The outcome measure tools are Box and Block test (BBT) and Chedoke Arm and Hand activities Inventory(CAHAI-13). Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and outcome measures, 20 subjects were divided into two groups. Group A (10 subjects) were treated with virtual reality training using Leap Motion Controller for 4 days a week for 2 months and Group B (10 subjects) were treated with conventional physiotherapy for 4 days a week for 2 months. On comparing the mean values of Group A& Group B by using CAHAI-13 and BBT score, the Virtual reality Training seems to have shown better results in manual dexterity in Parkinson’s subjects. People with mild to severe disability Parkinson’s have reduced dexterity and problems with hand function

Background: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disease associated with a high incidence of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality with classical features of hypertension, proteinuria, and edema. Aims and Objectives: The aims of the study were to study the angiogenic marker for the early predicting of preeclampsia. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 75 healthy singleton pregnant women from 19 to 29 years between 12 and 16 weeks of gestation with no underlying medical illness. The serum soluble endoglin (sEng) level and serum uric acid levels were estimated. Patients who developed preeclampsia were classified as mild and severe. They were classified as severe preeclampsia if their serum sEng levels are above 8.5 ng/ml and mild preeclampsia was grouped when the serum sEng level varies from 7.1–8.4 ng/ml. The serum sEng and serum uric acid levels were compared. Serum sEng was processed by ELISA technique and serum uric acid was measured by Uricase method in autoanalyzer. Results: The mean uric acid level was 4.0±0.5 mg/dl in severe preeclampsia and 3.6±0.2 mg/dl in mild preeclampsia patients. The levels were within normal limits. The serum sEng levels were 8.7±1.4 ng/ml in severe preeclampsia and 7.7±0.3 ng/ml in mild preeclampsia. The levels are elevated in preeclampsia. Women with serum sEng levels between 7.1 and 8.2 ng/ml developed symptoms of mild preeclampsia between 28 and 30 weeks of gestation, whereas women with serum sEng levels between 8.5 and 13.4 ng/ml developedsymptoms of severe preeclampsia between 26 and 28 weeks of gestation. Conclusion: Serum uric acid levels were within normal limits in preeclampsia patients, whereas serum sEng levels were elevated in these patients. Thus, this study concludes that serum sEng will be a good predictor of severity of preeclampsia compared to serum uric acid level.