The rapid advances in WDM technology are expected to bring about tremendous growth in the size of optical cross connects (OXCs). In this context, multigranular OXCs (MG-OXCs) have been suggested as a means of reducing the amount of equipment required. Here we expand the concept of MG-OXCs to include optical packet granularity and review the key building blocks for the advent of MG-OXCs. A single-layer MG-OXC is suggested that offers enhanced flexibility with respect to other single-layer concepts, conversion capability, and good physical performance. Concatenation performance is analytically investigated.
A multiband diamond-shaped Sierpinski gasket monopole antenna is described. The radiation pattern of wideband monopole antennas like the circular-disk and diamond monopole antennas degrades as frequency increases. In this paper, several cutouts based on the Sierpinski gasket geometry are made in the diamond monopole antenna in order to improve the radiation pattern of the antenna. It is experimentally shown that a multiband diamond-shaped Sierpinski gasket mono-pole antenna with a significant improved radiation pattern can be achieved by making cutouts in the diamond monopole antenna.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.