Quantitative morphometric analysis of Hirehalla sub-basin has been carried out using GIS and remote sensing techniques which are found to be very useful and powerful tools to compute and decipher different characteristics of the basin and its drainage network. Linear, areal and relief aspects have been computed and evaluated using topographical maps and remote sensing data. Results arrived at through computation of different parameters using GIS capabilities have enabled to understand the characteristics of the drainage network and topographical aspects which have a bearing on the hydrogeology of the sub-basin. The average bifurcation ratio (R b ) is 3.75, which means the drainage sub-basin is not dominated by structural control but geomorphologically controlled. The form factor (F f ) is 0.42 indicating that the sub-basin is more of elongated in shape with dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage pattern. The relief ratio (R r ) is 0.013 depicting the low to moderate relief and slope. All the quantitative morphometric parameters have been computed using standard formulae. Overall GIS-based analysis of all quantitative morphometric parameters suggests that, lithologically, the sub-basin is composed of compact and resistant basement rocks and has low degree of slope thus less prone to erosion. Three of the catchments of the study area are found to have a moderate possibility for the occurrence of flash floods which has a bearing on their groundwater-recharge and thus, their groundwater occurrence and potentiality. These studies are very important and useful for proper planning and management of groundwater resources.
This paper attempts to explain the presence of OH group for micas along with some sulfate, chlorite, quartz and feldspar minerals. These minerals are found to be associated with barite vein, metasediments (quartz-chlorite schist), metarhyolite and varieties of granitic rocks of Gadisunkapur area of Hungund-Kushtagi Schist belt. The samples were collected in and around Gadisunkapur village of Bagalkote district, Karnataka and further processed to determine OH group anion in different minerals present based on FTIR and Thermal studies such as Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential Thermal analysis (DTA). The high temperature dehydroxylation is investigated using this analysis. Furthermore, present study indicates the presence of different extra species (CO2, CO32- and OH-). The results show the incorporation of CO2 into the structures due to heating or enhanced by the dehydroxylation process.
The area under investigation covers the south-central part of Kaladgi series comprising of sedimentary rocks, mainly quartzarenites. From the geological point of view the study area comprises southcentral part of Kaladgi basin covering around 54 km2 which encompasses rocky hills of moderate height, showing three types of facies i.e., argillaceous, arenaceous and rudaceous. Among these three, arenaceous facies is more prominent in the area. These sedimentary rocks rest unconformably over gneisses. Detailed study of the rocks exposed are done by studying the petrological aspects of the rock samples which were subjected to microscopic studies, bifurcating different minerals and counting each parameter of the minerals which is plotted in the QFR ternary diagram and further illustrating the tectonic provenance of the area. Present work mainly focuses on the studies related to petrological, diagenesis and provenance of the study area where the rocks exposed in the vicinity are quartz arenites indicating that these sediments were deposited in a riverine condition.
Water quality problems were reported in the groundwaters of Hirehalla Sub-basin, Koppal district, Karnataka, India. 21 representative samples were collected and subjected to hydrochemical investigations. Major cations-Ca, Mg, Na, K and anions-CO 3 , HCO 3 , Cl, SO 4 were analysed. Physical parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, H were also determined. Piper hill trilinear diagram were plotted to study the hydrochemical characters of groundwater and it was found the groundwater to be of class-NaCl and CaMgCl type. Fluoride ion concentration was found to be in the range 0.26 to 6.42 mg/lit. Based on EC values it was found that 61% of water samples fall in excellent category. Drinking use suitability was determined by comparing the analysis results of water samples with BIS and WHO standards and it was found that 65% of the water samples are safe and fit for drinking purposes. Parameters like SAR and Na% were calculated to evaluate the suitability of waters for irrigational purposes. USSL and Wilcox diagram were plotted to determine agriculture suitability. It was found that 90% of the water samples are fit for irrigation. Different spatial variation maps were generated in GIS environs. Thus GIS based approach was efficient tool in assessment of water quality of Hirehalla Sub-basin.
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