Two field experiments were carried out in the two-successive winter seasons of 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 on faba bean (Vicia faba L.,) at El-Gemmaiza Agricultural Research Station, El-Gharbia Governorate, Egypt, located at (Lat. 30 º 48´ 752" and Long. 31 º 81 025"). as sake of studying study the influence of nitrogen as ammonium sulphate (20.5% N) at rates of (0.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 15.0 kg N fed -1 ) and foliar spray of cobalt at rates of (0.0, 0.5 and 1.0 mg L -1 ) as cobalt sulphate on yield, yield components, nutrients status. The statistical analysis of this experiment was randomized complete block design for combined two seasons.The results indicated that, faba bean yield (grains, straw and 100 grains weight) were significantly increased with the application of N compared to control. The highest significantly increases in grain, straw and roots yields of faba bean were obtained at accompanied treatments of 15.0 kg N fed -1 with two rates of cobalt (0.5 and 1.0 mg L -1 ). Foliar spray with cobalt at a rate of 1 mg L -1 gave the highest yield and yield components. Data also show that, combined treatments of N and cobalt at all rates under study were significantly increased grain, straw and roots yields. The highest increases were obtained with applied rate of 15.0 kg N fed -1 combined with 1.0 mg L -1 cobalt as foliar spray. Additions of three rates of N were significantly increased N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Co contents of grains, straw, and roots. Also, two rates of cobalt were significantly increased all nutrients in grain, straw, and roots. The highest increases also, were obtained at a rate of 15.0 Kg N fed -1 accompanied with 1.0 mg L -1 cobalt. Data, obtained also showed that the interaction between N and Co were increased N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Co, in grains, straw and roots especially at rate of 15.0 Kg N fed -1 combined with 1.0 mg L -1 cobalt. The addition of different levels of nitrogen and cobalt led to a significant increase in the availability of (N, P, K and Co) in the soil. The highest increase was may be due to the addition of 15.0 kg N fed -1 with cobalt at a concentration of 1.0 mg L -1 .

Royal jelly is one of the most important honey bee products. it plays vital roles in honeybee biology and in the improvement of human health. Production of royal jelly affecting by many factors. The study aimed to investigate some factors affecting the honeybee queen's acceptance and the amount produce of royal jelly. Effecting of different batches within cub positions during different seasons were studied. The colonies were moved from their original place in the middle of the day to another place away inside the apiary. It was equipped with empty wooden colonies that placed in the places of the original breeding colonies. The highest acceptance percentage mean was 62.7±5.013 % recorded at third batch. As the lowest percentage mean was 54 ±4.855 % recorded at fifth batch, the highest royal jelly quantity mean was 153.5±5.887 % recorded in third batch. As the lowest percentage mean was 141.2 ±6.149 recorded in fifth batch. The grafted queen cups acceptance percentages mean affecting significant by cups position, different seasons and patches.

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To assess the leakage of sanitation service in urban areas on the contamination of water streams and soil besides, a risk assessment study was conducted through the intake of edible plants from polluted irrigated suburban area of El-Zomor area, Egypt. The results revealed that concentrations of trace elements were several folds higher in the studied site compared to the background level in the earth crust indicating that the soil of the studied area is contaminated with heavy metals. Therefore, contamination factor (CF) values of this area indicate that soils were considerably contaminated with Cd, moderately contaminated with Co, Cu, Pb and Mn, but showed signs of low contamination with other metals. Enrichment factor (EF) indicating that moderate enrichment of Cu and very significant enrichment for Cd were contributed to anthropogenic source. To assess the health risk, estimated exposure and risk index were calculated. For the non-carcinogenic risk, the studied elements were not found to cause any risks to the local population, since the hazard index (HI) for studied trace elements were lower than the safe level. The level of cancer risk associated with exposure to these elements falls within the range of safe limits (10-4-10-6) so we consider the risk is unacceptable.