A Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) collects wireless nodes that dynamically swap information among them and with the Road Side equipment without relying on a predetermined base station or a wired medium. Every node in the VANET is equipped with sensors that allow it to sense its environment and relay relevant details, such as a notice to neighbouring nodes in case of emergency. At first, the vehicles are deployed in a Highway Environment. The nodes can be clustered using the fuzzy clustering logic to obtain better scalability and stability. The header node is chosen for network administration. Cluster Header is capable for sending and gathering data from cluster member nodes to the intended recipient. Multipath routing protocols improve trustworthiness and fault tolerance. In this paper, a Bird Swarm Algorithm (BSA) is proposed to establish the best possible multipath for broadcasting the data from sender to the receiver in the network. This research was experimented by using Network Simulator version 2. The multipath is best selected using the AOMDV routing strategy based on the fitness metric (Trust, Throughput and Connectivity). The results are contrasted with those of the currently used methods. Regarding parameters like PDR, E2E delay, throughput, overhead, and PLR. The proposed work performs better while comparing with other algorithms.
In order to better understand the vast aquatic environment, research on wireless sensor networks underwater has recently been done a lot of research in academia and industry. The Underwater world can easily observe remotely from an unknown location with some risks. The UWSN technology is employed over a water body to watch and surveillance. In large water bodies like rivers, salt chuck and huge pools, the data is accumulated from the region of various high points and drops of the level of the water, then dispatched to the exterior sink. Underwater transmission differs from terrestrial communication because of its high fading and low communication range.In place of this, a phonic medium is positioned to transfer data more efficiently on the water surface than other methods. To communicate and send the information accurately from the underside about the ocean to the sinks from the surface,hop growing is implemented using different techniques. Routing and Energy Efficiency is considered a highly challenging area of UWSNs. Energy-efficient routing is regarded as the foremost difficult task. Sensor networks primarily operate in complex and dynamic environments, and routing becomes tedious because the network size increases. In an underwater sensor network, there are so many challenges. Still, interference is a significant issue in transmitting signals in our proposed work to overcome signal interference using various approaches. Our proposed work follows: first, nodes will deploy in a non-distribution manner, then all nodes are clustered, and a cluster head has been chosen using the HH NBC algorithm. Finally, to overcome signal interference using TDMA combined with sea lion optimization. In this paper, we overcome inter-channel interference avoidance. If you overcome signal interference to improve network performance and lifetime. We compare our proposed to existing algorithms, and simulation results are best to compare with existing ones.
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