Early weaning is used to advance postpartum ovulation in beef cows, but triggers a stress response, affecting cows' and calves' welfare. Our aim was to compare the response to early weaning in multiparous and primiparous cows. Seventy-one days after birth, calves from 14 primiparous and 11 multiparous cows were weaned. Since birth, cow's body weight (BW), body condition (BC), milk yield and calves' BW were recorded. Basophil/neutrophil relationship, total protein and albumin concentrations were measured before and after weaning. The distance between each cow and its calf before weaning, as well as main behaviors of the cows before and after weaning were recorded using 10 min scan sampling. BW and BC were greater in multiparous than in primiparous cows ( P , 0.0001 for both). There was an interaction between parity ( P 5 0.004) and gender of the calf ( P 5 0.007): both BW and BC were greater in multiparous than primiparous cows, but multiparous cows with male calves had lower BW and BC than those with females ( P , 0.001 for both variables). Milk yield was greater in multiparous than in primiparous cows ( P 5 0.02), and there was an interaction, with greatest milk yield in multiparous cows that calved males ( P 5 0.02). Total protein blood concentration increased with time ( P , 0.0001), similarly in both groups. Albumin concentration profiles were similar despite parity, and decreased since 10 days after weaning ( P , 0.0001). Basophil/neutrophil ratio was not affected by parity, and increased the day of weaning, remaining high until day 10 ( P , 0.05). Frequency of standing decreased during the 2 days after weaning, with a greater decrease in multiparous than in primiparous cows ( P , 0.0001). Pacing increased after weaning ( P 5 0.001), but increased significantly more in multiparous cows ( P 5 0.006), with a significant time after weaning by parity interaction ( P 5 0.01) reflected in greater frequencies in multiparous cows in the 2 days. Walking increased with time ( P , 0.0001), and was more frequent in primiparous cows ( P 5 0.008). Ruminating, which was less frequent in multiparous cows ( P 5 0.014), decreased and remained low during the 3 days following weaning ( P , 0.0001), but there was a significant time by parity interaction ( P , 0.0001). The frequency of vocalizations increased dramatically after weaning ( P , 0.0001), and was greater in multiparous cows ( P 5 0.006), and decreased more slowly during the 2nd and 3rd days after weaning ( P 5 0.005) in these animals. In conclusion, behavioral changes induced by weaning were greater in multiparous than primiparous cows, indicating a more intense response to cow-calf separation in the multiparous animals.

Multiparous Aberdeen Angus · Hereford crossbred cows were used to evaluate the effect of supplementation during the last month of gestation on milk production and composition and cow and calf performance. Cows were assigned randomly to supplement (SUP; n = 18) or Control (CON; n = 17) treatments. Supplemented cows were offered (1 kg/100 kg bodyweight) a mix of sorghum grain and protein concentrated (67 : 33 as-fed basis; 16% crude protein, 11% acid detergent fibre) from (mean AE s.e.m.) 33 AE 1.4 days prepartum until calving. Before, during, and after the supplementation period, cows grazed together a native pasture paddock with average forage mass available of 1345 kg/ha of dry matter (10.4% crude protein, 45.2% acid detergent fibre). Cows were blood sampled weekly from -42 to 112 days postpartum (DPP) for serum progesterone and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations. Maximum follicle diameter was measured by ovarian ultrasound examination at 60 DPP. The breeding period lasted 60 days and started at 60 AE 1.4 DPP. There was an interaction between treatment and time on BCS (P < 0.0005). Before calving there were no differences in BCS between cows in SUP and in CON, but at calving SUP cows tended (P = 0.10) to present greater BCS and from calving to 84 DPP BCS was greater (P < 0.05) in SUP with respect to CON cows. There was an interaction between treatment and time on plasma NEFA concentrations (P < 0.0005). During the last month of gestation NEFA concentrations were reduced in SUP cows but there were no differences between treatments during the postpartum period. Milk production decreased linearly from 30 to 150 DPP but there was no effect of treatment on it. Calf bodyweight at birth and at weaning did not differ between treatments (37.5 AE 2.4 and 175.6 AE 2.4 kg, respectively). The probability of cows presenting follicles with diameter !10 mm was greater (P < 0.05) in SUP than CON cows. The length of the postpartum period did not differ between treatments. The probability of cows cycling during the first 90 DPP and pregnancy rate tended (P = 0.08) to be greater in SUP than in CON cows. Supplementation in winter and for only 30 days in the last month of gestation of beef cows under grazing conditions, increased cows' BCS without increasing BW of calves, and tended to improve reproductive performance.

No abstract

Nuestro país y por ende nuestra región han tratado de encontrar un norte que oriente su desarrollo integral, los indicadores reflejan que los intentos parecen haber sido frustrantes, probablemente porque no se tomaron en cuenta los aportes de los diferentes actores sociales y marginaron a la sociedad. Las nuevas formas de lograr el desarrollo necesita de soluciones innovadoras para acabar con la problemática socio sanitaria y que influir en políticas públicas debe ser parte de los esfuerzos de los decisores para lograr cambios duraderos En este contexto, la investigación tiene como objetivo general: Determinar una propuesta metodológica cooparticipativa según opinión de los decisores para formular Políticas Públicas en Salud. Es una investigación social aplicativa de corte cuantitativo y cualitativo. Se utilizó el método exploratorio descriptivo analítico, las técnicas de recolección de datos fueron la encuesta y entrevista semiestructurada. La muestra estuvo constituida por 8 autoridades de la Dirección Regional de Salud y 2 de Gobierno Regional – Junín. Se tuvo como resultado principal que la metodología cooparticipativa para la generación de Políticas Públicas en Salud que sería efectiva para nuestra realidad, según opinión del 80% de la muestra, debe incluir: Identificación del problema, personas y organizaciones que participan en la política, Proceso de formulación, asignación de recursos y planes, redacción de la política enmarcada en un determinado contexto político, social, cultural y económico. La propuesta es cercana a propuestas planteadas por diferentes autores, sin embargo no consideran el proceso de implementación a través de programas y proyectos, pudiendo ser una gran falencia para el logro de objetivos. El estudio evidencia grados de desencuentro entre los campos de la salud y la generación de propuestas políticas relacionados con el débil ejercicio de rectoría, la fragmentación y gobernabilidad. Contiene rutas tendientes a establecer un enfoque interdisciplinario en el ámbito de la salud y fortalecer el diálogo entre los diversos actores sociales.