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Aortic dissection is an emergent medical condition, generally affecting the elderly, characterized by a
separation of the aortic wall layers and subsequent creation of a pseudolumen that may compress the true aortic lumen.
Predisposing factors mediate their risk by either increasing tension on the wall or by causing structural degeneration. They
include hypertension, atherosclerosis, and a number of connective tissue diseases. If it goes undetected, aortic dissection
carries a significant mortality risk; therefore, a high degree of clinical suspicion and a prompt diagnosis are required to
maximize survival chances. Imaging methods, most commonly a CT scan, are essential for diagnosis; however, several
studies have also investigated the effect of several biomarkers to aid in the detection of the condition. The choice of
intervention varies depending on the type of dissection, with open surgical repair remaining of choice in those with type.
A dissections; however, the role of conventional open surgery has considerably diminished in complicated type B
dissections, with endovascular repair, a much less invasive technique, proving more effective. In uncomplicated type B
dissections, where medical choice reigned supreme as the optimal intervention, endovascular repair is being explored as a
viable option which may reduce long term mortality outcomes, although the ideal intervention in this situation is far from
settled.
A search is presented for the production of both first-and second-generation scalar leptoquarks with a final state of either two electrons and one jet or two muons and one jet. The search is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energy ffiffi ffi s p ¼ 8 TeV recorded with the CMS detector and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.6 fb −1 . Upper limits are set on both the first-and secondgeneration leptoquark production cross sections as functions of the leptoquark mass and the leptoquark couplings to a lepton and a quark. Results are compared with theoretical predictions to obtain lower limits on the leptoquark mass. At 95% confidence level, single production of first-generation leptoquarks with a coupling and branching fraction of 1.0 is excluded for masses below 1730 GeV, and second-generation leptoquarks with a coupling and branching fraction of 1.0 is excluded for masses below 530 GeV. These are the best overall limits on the production of first-generation leptoquarks to date.
A first search is reported for a standard model Higgs boson (H) that is produced through vector boson fusion and decays to a bottom-quark pair. Two data samples, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 19.8 fb −1 and 18.3 fb −1 of proton-proton collisions at ffiffi ffi s p ¼ 8 TeV were selected for this channel at the CERN LHC. The observed significance in these data samples for a H → bb signal at a mass of 125 GeV is 2.2 standard deviations, while the expected significance is 0.8 standard deviations. The fitted signal strength μ ¼ σ=σ SM ¼ 2.8 þ1.6 −1.4 . The combination of this result with other CMS searches for the Higgs boson decaying to a b-quark pair yields a signal strength of 1.0 AE 0.4, corresponding to a signal significance of 2.6 standard deviations for a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV.
A search for pair production of first and second generation leptoquarks is performed in final states containing either two charged leptons and two jets, or one charged lepton, one neutrino and two jets, using proton-proton collision data at ffiffi ffi s p ¼ 8 TeV. The data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb −1 , were recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC. First-generation scalar leptoquarks with masses less than 1010 (850) GeV are excluded for β ¼ 1.0 ð0.5Þ, where β is the branching fraction of a leptoquark decaying to a charged lepton and a quark. Similarly, second-generation scalar leptoquarks with masses less than 1080 (760) GeV are excluded for β ¼ 1.0 ð0.5Þ. Mass limits are also set for vector leptoquark production scenarios with anomalous vector couplings, and for R-parity violating supersymmetric scenarios of top squark pair production resulting in similar final-state signatures. These are the most stringent limits placed on the masses of vector leptoquarks and RPV top squarks to date.
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