m.Carat is a mobile application for ARA that may contribute to patient enablement. The development of m.Carat suggests that mobile applications may introduce specific challenges that need new solutions.
Exposure to ETS at home was higher than previously reported. Children/adolescents and asthma patients may have a higher risk of exposure. This report endorses a decreasing trend in the prevalence of tobacco smoking in Portuguese males, but a tendency to increase in females.
Background: We aimed to: (1) estimate the prevalence of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at home in the Portuguese population; (2) estimate tobacco smoking prevalence in Portugal; (3) identify social and personal characteristics associated with smoking or exposure to ETS. Methods: Nationwide, cross-sectional, population-based telephone survey. Overall, 6003 individuals completed the interview. ETS exposure at home was defined as exposure to at least one current smoker at home. A smoker was defined as someone with 15 years or older, smoking at least 1 cigarette per day during a year; a current smoker (CS) smoked in the last month. Results: Exposure to ETS at home was reported by 26.6% (95% CI 25.5---27.7) of the participants. Living in households with ≥4 persons (OR = 2.31; 95% CI [1.81---2.96]), being a current smoker (OR = 7.29; (IC 95%: 18,0---20,0) da população portuguesa é fumadora e 17,2% (IC 95%: 16,2---18,2) são ex-fumadores. A prevalência de fumadores atuais é mais elevada nos homens do que nas mulheres (26,5 versus 12,2%, p < 0,001). A probabilidade de ser um fumador atual foi maior nos homens, nas pessoas mais instruídas e nos indivíduos expostos, em casa, ao fumo ambiental do tabaco. Na análise estratificada por sexo, o efeito da escolaridade manteve-se apenas nas mulheres. Conclusão: A exposição ao fumo ambiental do tabaco em casa foi mais elevada do que a anteriormente publicada. Crianças/adolescentes e doentes com asma podem ter um risco de exposição ambiental mais elevado. Este estudo apoia uma tendência decrescente da prevalência de tabagismo nos homens portugueses, mas uma tendência crescente nas mulheres.
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