Currently, diesels are widely used as a power plant for the global automotive and tractor fleet. Undoubtedly, this cannot but affect the depletion of the world’s fossil fuel reserves and the rise in prices for oil and petroleum products. On the other hand, due to the constant increase in the number of power plants and the deteriorating environmental situation, it is no less important to maintain the required level of purity of diesel (D) exhaust gases (EG). This raises the question of finding new alternative energy sources and using them in existing engines. An important task in this case is to maintain the power and economic indicators at the level corresponding to the serial engine. The paper presents the results of studies of the working process of D using methanol (M) and rapeseed oil methyl ether (ROME). The minimum ignition portion of rapeseed oil methyl ether is set, which ensures stable operation of the D both at low loads and at idle, and over the entire load characteristic. The required composition of biofuels for the D under study is determined and recommended as optimal. The effective parameters of the D under load conditions when operating on M and ROME are studied in detail. At the same time, experimental characteristics of the effective indicators of a D running on these alternative fuels are established.
In order to improve the environmental performance of diesel engines, the use of renewable energy sources such as biofuels is justified. The factors influencing the processes of fuel combustion and issues allowing to properly provide the necessary conditions for the combustion of biofuels in the combustion chamber of diesel are considered. As a result of experimental studies developed biofuel for diesel engine consisting of methanol and methyl ester of rapeseed oil. Experimental studies of the efficiency and environmental performance of the diesel engine on this biofuel have been carried out.
While legal restrictions on the use of fossil fuels are applied to conserve natural resources, mixed alcohol fuels, vegetable oils and their esters are increasingly attracting attention as promising alternative sustainable energy sources for cars. The paper substantiates the need for the use of biofuels (BF) in diesel engines (DE) and studies such eco-friendly energy sources as methanol (M) and rapeseed oil methyl ether (ROME). M and ROME potentially lead to some solutions to environmental problems, because for their production, there are quite abundant resources and these energy sources are characterized by relatively low emissions of harmful substances during combustion. The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the toxicity of DE powered by M and ROME, and shows an improvement in its environmental performance.
The experience of solving the world’s environmental problems from the use of diesel engines allowed us to develop numerous ways to solve them, including the transfer to work on alternative fuels. The article presents the classification of alternative fuels. The article discusses the use of biofuel for the diesel engine. The use of alternative biofuels with different chemical composition and local conditions leads to the distinctive performance of the diesel engine. Therefore, for the scientific representation of the actual picture of the power and economic indicators of the diesel engine, experimental studies were conducted when it was operated on methanol and methyl ether of rapeseed oil. According to the results of laboratory and bench studies of load working processes of a diesel engine running on methanol and methyl ether of rapeseed oil, important information about hourly and specific fuel consumption, filling coefficients and excess air, effective efficiency and exhaust gas temperature were obtained. At the same time dependences of influence of modes of operation of the diesel engine on characteristics of power and economic indicators are established and their numerical values are defined. The presented research performance and economic performance of diesel engine demonstrate the applicability of methanol and methyl ester of rapeseed oil as an alternative bio-fuel is not only to improve the excellent service standard and performance indicators, but also to reduce the toxicity and smoke opacity of the exhaust gases, since alcohol, with its more simple structure and small size of molecules is one of the determining factors for a more “clean burning” fuel.
The mass content of soot (C) in the cylinder of a tractor diesel engine (TDE) is directly affected by the temperature conditions, the excess air coefficient, and the chemical composition of the fuel. Methanol (M) does not form C particles during combustion. As the C chain in the fuel molecule increases, the propensity to C formation during combustion increases. However, in the presence of oxygen atoms in the initial fuel molecule, it significantly slows down the rate of nucleation of primary particles. During the evolution of the particle in the cylinder of a TDE when working on rapeseed oil methyl ether and methanol (ROMEM), a number of characteristic stages are identified.
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