On the experimental field an experiment was laid to study the productivity of two types of winter vetch: Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Granz) varieties Orlan and Chernomorskaya and downy vetch (Vicia villosa op Roth) varieties Lugovskaya 2 and Glinkovskaya. The vetch was sown in a mixture with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety Tanya. Various doses of mineral fertilizers. Phosphorus (superphosphate) and potassium (potassium chloride) were introduced during sowing, nitrogen (calcium nitrate) – as early spring feeding. As a control, we studied the variety of furry vetch Lugovskaya 2, since this is the most popular variety of winter vetch in the Krasnodar Territory. The soils of the experimental plots are represented by leached, low-humus heavy loamy powerful chernozem. Due to the limited feed intake, the diets of high-yielding cows are rich in highly digestible non-structural carbohydrates (ADF), which fermentation leads to the formation of a large amount of propionic acid in the rumen with a strong acidic effect and, conversely, NDF fermentation is slower and on a smaller scale. The variant winter wheat Tanya + winter vetch Lugovskaya 2 - is closer to the optimum in the second cut. The rest of the experimental options of vetchwheat and vetch-triticale grass mixtures also have a negative fiber balance, which is not acceptable for feeding high-producing dairy cattle.
The article presents the results of studying the effect of new bio-fertilizer on the germination and germination energy of winter vetch seeds (Vicia vilossa Roth). Experimental studies were conducted in the laboratory conditions of the Krasnodar Research Centre for Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine (Krasnodar, Znamenskiy settlement). The positive effect of vetch seeds treatment with a new bio-fertilizer on germination energy and seed germination has been established. The germination energy and seed germination when treated with bio-fertilizer compared to the control (water) were higher by an average of 14.6 and 4.0%, respectively. The winter vetch variety Glinkovskaya in terms of seed germination energy turned out to be the best among other varieties. This indicator was higher by 19.35% in comparison with the control. The winter vetch variety Orlan in terms of seed germination turned out to be the best among other varieties. This indicator was higher by 9.0% in comparison with the control. This bio-fertilizer can be used to increase soil fertility and soil recultivation in plant-growing, agriculture.
In the process of looking for ways to diversify the implementation into the production of secondary raw materials, a laboratory experiment was performed, the purpose of which was to determine whether the product of deep processing of corn, liquid corn extract, is suitable as a source of nutrients for seed germination. For this experiment, a winter cereal fodder crop was chosen - triticale (variety Tikhon). In a solution of corn extract with a concentration of 3 ml/l, triticale showed the best indicators of germination energy and germination compared to the control, which provides a perspective to study the application of this raw material as a natural biostimulator or a component of organic biofertilizer. According to biometric indicators, the seeds of winter triticale showed themselves better in the variant with a concentration of corn extract of 3 ml/l. In the variant with a concentration of corn extract of 5 ml/l, inhibition along the length of the roots is noticeable. The length of the sprout in two experimental variants is higher than in the control.
In the Krasnodar Territory, on the experimental field of the Krasnodar Research Centre for Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, an experiment was conducted to determine the effect of a new complex biofertilizer on the yield and biometric indicators of a vetch-triticale fodder grass mixture. The conducted experiment shows that with the use of a new complex bio-fertilizer, an increase in the density of planting is observed in triticale (by 16 pieces or by 24%) and in Glinkovskaya vetch by (15 pieces or by 30%). Empirically, it was found that it is best to cultivate vetch-triticale grass mixtures for livestock feed with varieties of Hungarian vetch, in particular with the Orlan variety, since this variety showed a greater increase in green mass both in the experimental and in the control variant. It was also found that the use of a new bio-fertilizer has a positive effect on the overall agrochemical characteristics of the soil, improving and enriching its composition.
In order to increase the biologization of agriculture and minimize the negative impact of synthetic fertilizers on the environment, a new biofertilizer was developed and tested based on the extract of poultry droppings and sapropel on the seeds of a common fodder crop - winter downy vetch (Vicia vilossa op Roth), Glinkovskaya and Lugovskaya 2 varieties. The paper analyzes laboratory studies to determine the energy of seed germination. The following results have been obtained: in comparison with the control variant, the germination energy of Lugovskaya 2 vetch was 27.3% higher, germination capacity of this variety increased by 11.6%, significance (p<0.001). In Glinkovskaya vetch, germination energy is 28.0% higher in the experiment in relation to the control, and the germination capacity is higher by 9.9% (significance p<0.01). The new complex biofertilizer improves the supply of cultivated plants with the whole complex of mineral substances, ensures the accumulation of humus in the soil and improves its structure.
В растениеводстве и кормопроизводстве вику используют обычно в травосмесях со злаковыми культурами. В условиях Центральной зоны Краснодарского края на чернозёме выщелоченном в 2019 г. проведены полевые опыты с применением различных дозировок минеральных удобрений под вико-пшеничные травосмеси. Отмечено, что повышенные дозы вносимых удобрений заметно угнетали прирост зелёной массы. В опытах изучали сорта вики Орлан и Чермонорская (Vicia pannonica Granz), Глинковская и Луговская-2 (Vicia villosa or Roth), а также сорт Таня пшеницы озимой твердой (Triticum aestivum L.). По полученным результатам, наиболее оптимальными по урожайности оказались смеси трав с сортами вик Орлан (110,2 ц/га) и Луговская 2 (85,6 ц/га). В 3-ю декаду мая вико-пшеничные смеси имеют наивысшую продуктивность по зеленой массе и оптимальную питательную ценность. Данный период соответствует массовому цветению вики и началу колошения пшеницы.