Workers’ health should be considered as a strategically important component of governmental economic policy. Nowadays society economic damage due to lost vocational fi tness because of medical causes results mostly from general somatic diseases, but not from occupational diseases. In stable tendency to ageing able-bodied population, studies of medical causes of vocational unfi tness is a topical problem. To analyze causes of lost vocational fitness for work in jeopardy and (or) hazardous work conditions, to determine quantitative parameters of vocational unfi tness in mandatory medical examinations, to evaluate nosologic structure of medical contraindications to work in jeopardy and (or) hazardous work conditions, the authors studied demographic data of Federal service of governmental statistics and data on fi rst diagnosed occupational diseases by materials of Governmental reports of Federal service on supervision in consumers’ rights protection and human well-being. Studies also covered data of FBUN “Ekaterinburg medical research center of prevention and health care for industrial workers” of Rospotrebnadzor (EMNTs): database on fi rst diagnosed occupational diseases in Sverdlovsk region, conclusion reports on periodic medical examination results, and medical records of workers underwent periodic medical examination in EMNTs. Th e data were analyzed with descriptive and inductive statistic methods. In constant medical contraindications structure by nosologic types, according to periodic medical examinations in EMNTs, major part of refused permission to the work was associated with diseases in ICD–10 class VII “Diseases of eye and its appendages”, on the 2nd place — diseases of ICD–10 class VIII “Diseases of ear and mastoid process”, on the 3rd place — diseases of ICD–10 class XI “Digestion diseases”. Recommendations are in Russian Federation Health Ministry to consider necessity of workers’ possibility to receive additional examination and special medical care within governmental program of guaranteed free medical care in cases when the diagnosed disease causes refused permission to work.
Since2005 inRussiathere is a steady decline of employable age population, that will increase in future. Long-term tendency to longer life expectancy will increase population older than employable age and further decrease of employable age population. Increased average age of working population inevitably will be associated with more diseases burden including general somatic morbidity in working population (cardiovascular, malignancies, respiratory tract diseases, etc.), with progression and development due to occupational hazards. All that necessitates urgent solution of organizational problems of preventive care for working population, with special accent on prophylaxis — that meets key objectives presented in Order by Russian Federation President on 07/05/2018.
Introduction. The exposure to industrial aerosols triggers the response of the adaptive and innate mucosal immunity in the upper airways. Objective: To analyze the impact of work-related risk factors on the development of local mucosal immunity in workers engaged in extraction of vanadium-bearing iron ore, and cast iron and steel production. Materials and methods. We examined one thousand five hundred forty seven male workers of two mining and metallurgical industries. The first cohort included 788 vanadium-bearing iron ore miners and the second cohort comprised 719 cast iron and steel production workers, both standardized by age and years of employment. Occupational risk factors identified in both cohorts included the exposure to fibrous aerosols and aliphatic hydrocarbons, and poor microclimate (high or low air temperature) at workplaces. The workers of the second cohort were also exposed to manganese compounds, vanadium (V) oxide, chromium, nickel, and iron compounds. The control group consisted of 40 engineering and technical personnel. Results. A significant increase in secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) was detected in the miners exposed to aliphatic hydrocarbons and low air temperature. In the ferrous metallurgy workers, the exposure to low air temperature, crystalline silicon, and aliphatic hydrocarbons caused a significant decrease in the level of sIgA while the exposure to manganese oxides induced a decrease in the bactericidal function of neutrophils. Limitations. The main limitations of the research were related to the selected criterion of inclusion in the merged occupational cohorts with account for exposure to adverse microclimate parameters, silicon-containing aerosols, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and manganese compounds. In view of the multiplicity of occupational risk factors in the industry, it is important to conduct additional studies of a larger sample for qualitative and quantitative presentation of convincing evidence of health effects of other factors of the work environment. Conclusions: We established a multidirectional response of the mucosal immunity to production factors in the examined workers. A combined exposure to chemical and physical occupational factors has a stronger health effect than a single one. Differences in the level of sIgA in workers exposed to different occupational hazards prove the advisability of an in-depth immunological examination combined with an assessment of the functional status as indicators of occupational adaptation.
Introduction: The paper presents the results of a retrospective analysis of the incidence rates of community-acquired pneumonia in chrysotile miners and millers in comparison with the adult population of a municipality. It also demonstrates findings of the study of some immune response parameters in Streptococcus pneumoniae carriers among chrysotile asbestos workers. The objective of the research was to study specifics of the development of community-acquired pneumonia and to determine immune indices in healthy workers (Streptococcus pneumoniae carriers) occupationally exposed to chrysotile asbestos. Materials and methods: First, we analyzed community-acquired pneumonia incidence rates in chrysotile asbestos workers. For the retrospective analysis, we extracted comprehensive emergency notifications about cases of infectious disease, food poisoning, acute occupational poisoning, community-acquired pneumonia, and vaccine adverse reactions (Form 058/u) from the Epidemiologic Surveillance Information System maintained by the Sverdlovsk Regional Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology and Federal Statistics Form No. 2 “Information about Infectious and Parasitic Diseases” in the Sverdlovsk Region. We defined jobs and formed three groups of workers with high incidence rates of community-acquired pneumonia: group 1 included workers involved in extraction and transportation of chrysotile asbestos, group 2 consisted of workers of the ore-dressing factory while group 3 included workers of auxiliary subdivisions (logistics, security, administration, central automated control station). In 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2019, the incidence rate of community-acquired pneumonia in workers was significantly higher. The annual increase had been observed since 2016 and reached its maximum of 1,032.97±158.88 in 2019 exceeding the long-term average rate in the industry and the town by 12.77 % and 15 %, respectively. We assessed the immune status and performed a comparative analysis of immunological indices in 143 workers of selected jobs, both carriers and noncarriers of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The carriers demonstrated a significant increase in the production immunoglobulin E indicating general sensitization and immunoglobulin G, a significantly lower relative count of mature T cells, and a higher lymphocyte count in the populations of natural killer cells.
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