N ANO-fertilizers are effective substitutes for the traditional ones. However, to what extent can nano hydroxyapatite (NHA) and nano-boron oxide (NBO) be suitable substitutes for calcium superphosphate(CSP) and boric acid (BA)? The answer required conducting a field experiment on broccoli (Brassica oleraceavar. italica) cultivated on a heavy claysoil for two successive seasons of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018.The nano form of NHA surpassed CSP by 14.2 to 17.8 % for leaf area and 13.6 to 15.8% for total head yield. Foliar spray with NBO increased leaf area, head yield and vitamin C content in heads as compared with BA. P and B contents in broccoli shoots receiving the nano forms surpassed those of the conventional fertilizers. Combined application of the two nano-fertilizers surpassed the combined application of the two conventional fertilizers by 16.0 %. Values for yield and yield components were significantly positively correlated with P and B contents in plant shoots and heads.
The current research aims at producing high kohlrabi knob yield with better quality traits using nanochitosan-urea (versus urea) as a foliar spray in presence of mycorrhiza (AMF) as plant inoculants either solely or in combinations with each other. This investigation was carried out under the field conditions for two successive seasons (2015/2016 and 2016/2017). In this concern, microrrhizal inoculations were set up in the main plots whereas the foliar application of nano-urea was arranged in the sub-plots, comprising 5 treatments, i.e. spray with water, spray with ordinary urea at a rate of 1500 mg N L-1 , spray with nano-urea at rates of 500 mg N L-1 , 1000 mg N L-1 , and 1500 mg N L-1 (designated U0, U1, U2, U3, and U4 respectively). Generally, spraying kohlrabi plants with different urea forms increased significantly the studied vegetative growth parameters as well as the yield quantity and quality traits in the following order U4>U1=U3>U2>U0. Likewise inoculating plants with AMF improved significantly the investigated growth parameters and yield components. It seems that inoculating plants with AMF did not affect significantly the above-mentioned growth parameters and yield components when plants sprayed with nano-chitosan-urea at a rate of 1500 mg N L-1. Thus, spraying plants with 1000 mg N L-1 as nano chitosan-urea together with plant inoculation with AMF (U3M1) is the recommended solution to cut off the inputs of chemical N fertilizers by 33.3% as this integrated treatments recorded comparable results with the ones attained for the application of the full dose of urea.
A field experiment was conducted for two successive winter seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 in the farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Moshtohor, Benha University, Egypt, to explore the effects of treating the plastic tunnels with ZnO nanoparticles on the growth parameters, yield and its quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. Super Strain B). It also investigates the effects of using the foliar application of chitosan nanoparticles applied at 0.5 and 1% versus the commercial chitosan applied at the same rates on the growth parameters and the yield of tomatoes and whether these treatments could be positively/negatively affected by treating the plastic tunnels with ZnO nanoparticles. Results revealed that the tomato plants grown under nano-composite covering (PE with nano-ZnO) gave rise to vigor growth, higher yield and fruit quality compared with the tomato plants under low plastic tunnel (PE without nano-ZnO). Chitosan nanoparticles (0.5 or 1 %) increased the plant growth (plant height, fresh, dry weight and leave area), early and total yield per plant and per feddan and average fruit weight beside of improving the quality of fruits (vitamin C, acidity and total sugars) than all other treatments. Thus, using chitosan nano particles (0.5 or 1 %) under nano-composite covering (PE with nano-ZnO) is the recommended practice to attain good growth parameters and achieve early and high total yield with better quality of tomato fruits. However, the low concentration of chitosan nano-particles achieves the highest return economist in this case.
Shortage of available water resources has become a critical problem facing vegetable production in Egypt. So, the aim of this study is to decrease the level of irrigation water: 85 and 70% of full irrigation requirements (FI), versus 100% FI in presence of four compost rates (0, 4.8, 9.6 and 14.4 m 3 ha -1 ). Results show that, deficit irrigation levels caused considerable reductions in many growth parameters and the total yield. But we can save 15% of the water used with an average total yield of 39.15 Mgha -1 and a yield shortage of 14.1% in both seasons. This is an acceptable level of decrease in view of the 36.3 Mgha -1 national average according to the 2017 Egypt's Agricultural Statistics. The application of compost at different rates increases the growth, quality and quantity of cauliflower at different water deficiency levels. The highest application rate of compost + 100% of FI recorded the highest values in the characteristics of vegetative growth, total yield and NPK content in curd. The treatment 85% of FI + 14.4 m 3 compost / ha came in the second rank recording significant differences with all other treatments in both seasons. The results also indicate that the water productivity in the case of 85% FI is significantly equal to the water productivity in case of 100% of FI in both seasons. It is; therefore, concluded that compost applications minimized the negative implications of deficient irrigation on cauliflower production.
Increasing consumer awareness has contributed in establishing food safety issues and environmental concerns through introducing organic and bio-approaches as substitutes for the traditionally chemical fertilization. However, the efficiency of these fertilizers seemed to be relatively low when compared with the traditional mineral fertilizers. This study postulates that algae extracts of Chlorella sp. might stimulate the growth of plants. To examine this assumption, a field study was conducted for two successive seasons (2015/2016 and 2016/2017) using different N-sources e.g. organic (compost), bio (Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillium lipoferum) and mineral (ammonium nitrate) fertilizers with or without algeal extracts of Chlorella sp. to investigate their efficiency for improving the growth parameters and yield components of broccoli plants grown on a sandy loam soil. Results reveal that the highest increases in uptake of NPK were attained for the application of "compost + ammonium nitrate + biofertilizer". Such improvements resulted in concurrent increases in plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area; shoot fresh weight, chlorophyll a and b, curd weight and diameter, vitamin C, TSS, total phenol and antioxidants content in broccoli heads and the outcome head yield. Moreover, the combination between different N-sources and foliar spray of alga extract resulted in further significant increases in NPK uptake by plants and this in turn improved significantly, the abovementioned growth parameters and yield components. Accordingly, our results support the hypothesis indicating that algae extracts improved significantly the growth parameters and yield components of broccoli plants grown on a sandy loam soil.
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