No abstract

Premedication with a small dose of ketamine reduces swallowing-evoked pain after tonsillectomy in children who received an analgesic regimen combining an opioid and a NSAID.

Admixture of intranasal xylometazoline 0.1% drops and lidocaine 2% jelly reduced the incidence and severity of epistaxis after NTI in preschool children.

Birth and weaning weights of 556 Friesian calves by 41 sires out of 318 different dams over a 11 years period were obtained from a herd of Friesian in Sakha Experimental Farm, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt were used. The records were analyzed by Multiple Trait Likelihood Method (MTDFREML) by using a repeatability animal model (BOLDMAN et al., 1995). Convergence was attained after 699 iterations. The fixed effects included in the model were season and year of calving, parity and sex and the random effects were direct and maternal genetic, permanent maternal environmental and error. Direct heritability estimates for birth weight (BW) and weaning weight (WW) are 0.28 and 0.13, respectively, while, maternal heritability estimates for the same traits are 0.14 and 0.06, respectively. Repeatability estimates are 0.75 and 0.15 for BW and WW, respectively. Phenotypic and genetic correlations are 0.89 and 0.80, respectively. Estimates of calve breeding values ranged from -3.12 to 4.11 kg for BW and ranged from -4.10 to 5.11 kg for WW. Sire breeding values ranged from -3.40 to 2.99 kg for BW and ranged from -2.50 to 4.47 kg for WW. Dam breeding values ranged from -6.80 to 5.54 kg for BW and ranged from -6.10 to 6.39 kg for WW.

A total of 2095 lactation records of Holstein Friesian cattle kept at Dalla Farm in Egypt during the period from 1988 to 1992 were used in this study. Those data were used to estimate variances from direct and maternal genetic effects. The data was analyzed by using Multiple Traits Derivative Free Restricted Maximum Likelihood (MTDFREML) according to BOLDMAN et al. (1995) using repeatability Animal Model. Two models were used: Model 1 includes month of calving, year of calving, parity as fixed effects, days open and days dry as covariates and direct genetic, maternal genetic, covariance between direct and maternal genetic, permanent environmental and residual as random effects; Model 2 is similar to Model 1, but excluding additive maternal and covariance between additive direct and maternal effects. Estimates of heritability for 305 day milk yield (305 dMY) were 0.22 and 0.23, for Model 1 and Model 2, respectively. Heritability estimates for age at first calving (AFC) were 0.77 and 0.82 for Model 1 and model 2, respectively. The removal of additive maternal genetic effects and covariance between direct and maternal genetic effects from the model increased estimates for heritability of additive genetic effects by 0.01 and 0.05 for 305 dMY and AFC, respectively. Then, the additive maternal genetic effect and covariance between direct and maternal genetic effects do not seem to make important contributions to the phenotypic variance for milk yield and age at first calving, and these effects are probably not important for genetic evaluations.

The integration of several traits such as age at first calving, days open, days dry, and length of herdlife besides milk yield and the knowledge of their relationships are important for effective control of the dairy production sytem for maximum economic return.The present study was undertaken to investigate the relationships between milk yield and days open and days dry, and to construct a set of multiplicative factors for adjusting lactation records for various lengths of days open.

A total 1481 first lactation records of local born Friesian heifers were collected from Sakha Farm, Animal Production Research Institue, Ministry of Agriculture, during the period from 1980 to 1993. A linear mixed model was used to study the fixed effects of month and year of calving, age at first calving as a covariate and the random effect of sire on productive traits (i.e., 90 day milk yield (90dMY), 305 day milk yield (305dMY), total milk yield (TMY), lactation period (LP) and dry period (DP)). The effects of the same factors on reproductive traits (i.e., days open (DO) and calving interval (CI)) were also studied. Least squares means of 90 dMY, 305 dMY, TMY, LP, DP, DO and CI were 959 kg, 3252 kg, 3709 kg, 367 d, 65 d, 145d and 426d, respectively. A least squares analysis of variance showed significant effect of month of calving on 90 dMY, 305 dMY, TMY and LP (p<0.05 or p<0.01). Year of calving had a significant effect on all traits studied (p<0.05 or p<0.01). Including age at first calving (AFC) as a polynomial regression of the second degree in the model yielded significant (p<0.05 or p<0.01) partial linear regression coefficients of 90 dMY, 305dMY, TMY and DP on AFC while the quadratic term was significantly only for 305dMY. Sire of the heifers had a significant effect on all productive traits. Heritability estimates for 90dMY, 305dMY, TMY, LP, DP, DO and CI were 0.30 ± 0.08, 0.30 ± 0.08, 0.15 ± 0.06, 0.10±0.06, 0.09±0.06, 0.05±0.06, 0.05±0.06, respectively. In addition, genetic and phenotypic correlations between different traits studied are calculated and tabulated. Negative genetic correlations between each of DP, DO and CI and 90dMY, 305dMY and TMY concluded that selection against dry period and days open will increase milk yield. Therefore, a reduction of DP and DO are the desirable goal of dairymen.

Abstract. A total of 2 262 normal lactation records of Egyptian buffaloes kept at Mehallet Mousa Farm belonging to Animal Production Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture during the period from 1985 to 2003 were used to estimate phenotypic and genetic parameters for total milk yield (TMY, kg), lactation period (LP, day), birth weight (BW, kg) and weaning weight (WW, kg). In addition, eleven selection indices were constructed. Data were analyzed using multi trait animal model (MTAM). The model included individuals, permanent environmental and errors as random effects, month and year of calving and parity as fixed effects. Heritability estimates were 0.172, 0.134, 0.046 and 0.257 for TMY, LP, BW and WW, respectively. Genetic correlations among all traits studied are positive highly significant and ranged from 0.50 to 0.99. Permanent and temporary environmental correlations among all traits studied are similar to genetic correlations, while the correlations between WW and all traits studied are negative. Eleven selection indices were constructed, index I1 which incorporating TMY, LP, BW and WW or index I2 which incorporating TMY, LP and WW are the best (RIH =0.86), both indices are recommended to improve productive traits in Egyptian buffaloes.