Two field Experiments were carried out in summer seasons of 2008 and 2009 at the Experimental Farm of Rice Research section Agricultural Research station, El-Gemmiza, Gharbia Governorate. This investigation was conducted to study the response of two rice cultivars (Giza 178 and Egyptian Hybrid 1), Three seedling ages (15, 20 and 25 days after planting) and three transplanting spaces (20 × 20, 25 × 25 and 30 × 30 cm) as well as their interactions on growth characters, yield and its attributes. The main results could be summarized as follows: cultivars significantly differed for all traits, Egyptian Hybrid 1 variety produced the maximum number of tillers / m², number of panicle / m², panicle length (cm) , number of total grains / panicle, 1000-grain weight (g) and grain yield (t/fed). While lowest values of these traits were recorded when using Giza 178 cultivar. Seedling ages had asignificant effect on all studied charactarist. Younger seedlings (15 day old) produced significantly the highest values. While the minimum values of the previous traits were obtained when plants were transplanting at (25 day old) seedlings. Plant spacing significantly differed for all traits. Wider spacing (30 × 30 cm) gave maximum number of tillers/ m², number of panicle/ m², panicle length (cm), number of total grains / panicle, 1000-grain weight (g). and grain yield (t/fed) While closer spacing (20 × 20 cm) gave the lowest values. Significant effect for the the interaction between the three factors under study. The highest values of all traits were recorded when using Egyptian Hybrid 1 cultivar, youngest seedling age (15 day old) and widest spacing between hills (30 × 30 cm).On the other hand, the lowest values were recorded when using Giza 178 cultivar, the oldest seedling age (25 day old) and closest spacing between hills (20×20cm)in the both seasons. In general it could be recommended that, using Egyptian Hybrid 1 with seedling age 15 days and plant spacing of 30 × 30 cm under transplanting.

The present studywas designed to evaluate the influence of supplementing different levels of L-Valine (L-Val) to low protein diet on chicks' performance, carcass characteristics , digestibility of nutrients andeconomical efficiency. A total number of 640 unsexed day old Arbor Acres meat-type chickswere assigned randomly into 8 equal treatments containing 80 chicks each (10 birds/ replicate). The first group (control) was fed strain recommendation of CP being 23%, 21% and 19% with 0.96, 0.88 and 0.79% digestible valine during starter, grower and finisher periods, respectively (T1). The 2 nd group was feddiets with a 3% CPless thanthe control, being 20%, 18% and 16% and contained 0.89, 0.79 and 0.69% digestible valine level during the same growth phasesrespectively, as control (T2). Other six groups were fed low-CP diet (LPD) supplemented with 250mg, 500mg, 750mg, 1000 mg, 1250 mg and 1500 mgL-Val/kg diet, respectively. The study lasted for 38 days. The results were as follows:1-The best BWG and FCR during overall growth period was achieved by chicks fed the LPD supplemented with 500 mg Val/kg diet, and control group (T1) without significant differences between them.2-Valine digestibility was ranged between 91.17 to 97.03%.3-Control group achieved significantly the lowest abdominal fat percentage as compared to the other groups fed LPD either with or without valine supplementation.4-Chicks fed the LPD plus 500 mg Val/kg diet attained the highest means of economic efficiency and its relative value by 103.2% and 114.2% as compared to those fed the recommended protein diet and LPD, respectively. In conclusion, the best level of added Val is 500 mg/kg diet for broilers fed LPDsupplemented with sufficient amount of Methionine, Lysine, Threonine which coincided with the best Val/Lys ratio during starter, grower and finisher periods. Also, it achieved an improvement in economic efficiency and growth performance of broilers.

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This investigation was carried out during the two successive seasons of 2005/6 and 2006/7 to study the response of Hindi BeSinara cv. mango trees to zinc and boron as well as the combination (Zn+B) as soil and/or spraying application treatments. The chosen trees were 10-year-old grown in loamy soil of a private orchard at Beni-Mazar, Minia Governorate. The trees were supplied with N, P and K at rates of 1000, 400 and 1000 g/tree/year. Zn at 250 g and Boron at 500 g and its combination (Zn+B) were added as soil application. Spraying application with 150 g Zn and 300 g B and its combination (Zn+B) were occurred at monthly intervals (3 equal doses) from March to May. The obtained results revealed that all treatments of Zn and B and the combination of them did not affect growth of trees. Sex ratio, fruit length, fruit diameter and L/D ratio, total acidity and leaf contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and Cu showed insignificant differences as compared to control. However, fruit set, yield, fruit weight, pulp and peel weight, TSS, TSS/acid ratio, leaf Zn and B contents were significantly improved by Zn and B treatments. In addition, B treatments were more effective than Zn treatments. The combination of Zn+B treatments was the best treatment and spraying application was superior in comparison to soil application.