Only one dose of SCH had similar therapeutic effects against DMBA-induced mammary carcinomas as 4 weeks of TAM treatment. This coupled with the ability of SCH to suppress hepatic lesions associated with TAM treatment provides the rationale for further investigating the combined therapeutic effects of TAM+SCH in preclinical models of ER-positive breast cancer, as well as in liver cancer.

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Production of Exopolysaccharides "EPS" and microbial biomass by Streptomyces nasri were influenced by the type of carbon source (glycerol, xylose, fructose, galactose, glucose, mannose, sucrose, lactose, maltose, dextrin, soluble starch, corn starch and potato starch) and the nitrogen source (glycine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, proline, ammonium sulphate, sodium nitrate and beef extract ) used in the medium.Xylose and glycine were the most suitable sources of carbon and nitrogen, respectively, for both production of EPS and mycelial growth. The highest EPS production was obtained in a medium containing (g/l) 30 xylose, 2.7 glycine, 4.0 NaCl, 0.5 MgSO 4 , 1.0 K 2 HPO 4 , and 1.0 CaCO 3 . Exopolysaccharides production and mycelial growth in the above suggested medium were significantly increased in a 3-l stirred tank bioreactor, where the maximum EPS concentration was 8.73 g/l, which was an approximately 1.6 time higher than that in shake culture.

He had focused a lifetime of research upon development of various antitumor substances from medicinal mushrooms, and is considered one of the 20 th century greatest scientist in his field. Mizuno proved that many polysaccharides with antitumor and immunopotentiating qualities were synthesised in cultured mycelia no less and in fact often better than in fruiting bodies. This result virtually revolutionised mushroom producing and processing business."Medicine and food both originate from the same root" is a Japanese proverb Mizuno often quoted. MinireviewAnti-cancer effect of polysaccharides isolated from higher basidiomycetes mushrooms Anti-tumor activity of mushroom fruit bodies and mycelial extracts evaluated using different cancer cell lines. These polysaccharide extracts showed potent antitumor activity against sarcoma 180, mammary adenocarcinoma 755, leukemia L-1210 and a host of other tumors. The antitumor activity was mainly due to indirect host mediated immunotherapeutic effect. These studies are still in progress in many laboratories and the role of the polysaccharides as immunopotentiators is especially under intense debate. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the available information in this area and to indicate the present status of the research.

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Successful utilization of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. (type NRRL-0366) mushroom as a type of edible locally isolated mushroom in Egypt at the Mushroom Research Center (Mubarak City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications), to produce extensive hydrolyzing cellulase complex enzymes. This hydrolysis was approached in submerged culture supplemented with avicel PH101 as a substrate for endo-,exoglucanase production. The avicel concentration 6% yielded the maximum enzyme activities (2.46, 1.80 U/ml) for both endo-and exoglucanase activities on basal medium at 27°C, initial pH value of 5.5 for 12 days on rotary shaker (180 rpm) incubation period. Cellulase enzyme was amplified using specific PCR and the amplicone was cloned using TOPO TA cloning vector. The cellulolytic activity of the recombinant protein was examined and high activity was obtained compared with the standard ones. The avicel was used as a sole carbon source in the fermentation medium and the results revealed that, avicel induced the cellulolytic activity of the examined organism compared with those grown on medium deficient of avicel.