We conducted a study among 7–11th grades students of secondary schools in Ekaterinburg by questionnaire method. The purpose was to study the lifestyle, hygienic literacy level and students competence in their own lifestyle assessment. The study group consisted of 5 984 students aged 12–18 years (2 704 boys, 3 280 girls). A high prevalence of behavioral risk factors among schoolchildren has been established: lack of sleep, low physical activity, high duration of self-preparation, reduced outdoor exposure, consumption of psychoactive substances and psychological discomfort. Schoolchildren are characterized by a low level of medical activity and hygienic literacy, lack of skills for self-assessment of lifestyle, and also low awareness of consumption consequences of alcohol, tobacco and narcotic active substances; conjugation between the specified problems and lifestyle of pupils is established. The prevalence of studied risk factors among girls is higher than among boys, the level of hygienic literacy and medical activity is also higher, but the awareness of the consequences of psychoactive substances consumption is lower. With age, the prevalence of most of the studied behavioral risk factors increases, the level of medical activity of school children decreases, but their ability to correctly interpret their lifestyle increases. It is necessary to improve school education programs aimed at preserving and promoting the students health, prevention of risky behaviors and the formation of healthy and safe lifestyle skills, increasing their effectiveness on the basis of a psychosocial approach that combines awareness-raising, the formation of values and skills.
To achieve high results in sports and preserve health, athletes need favorable conditions for a training process, accommodation and medical supply. The purpose of the study was to assess the sanitary and hygienic condition and organization of a training process at a school of Olympic reserve. Objectives of the study included assessment of architectural and planning concepts for the school-related buildings and premises; examination of sanitary and hygienic condition of training rooms, sports facilities, hall of residence, parameters of air thermal and light regimen; assessment of how the training process is organized and developing the activities to correct the found violations. A hygienic assessment of training and athletic premises, physical factors, medical and pedagogical observation (two types of sports) is done in the trial. It has been established during the examination that no requirements to light furniture labeling, temperature and light regimen, regimen of cleaning and storage of cleaning utensils and sanitary condition of the hall of residence are followed. Training sessions are structured and specific as far as physical activity dynamics goes. By a number of parameters (selection and arrangement of premises, class timetable and equipment), favorable conditions for education and training are created at the school. The established violations of sanitary and hygienic conditions in the school-related premises and buildings can promote fatigue, injuries and infectious diseases. A more proper medical control over the sanitary conditions of education and residence at the school is required.
The paper presents the sanitary-hygienic characteristics of the conditions for practicing mass sports in youth sports schools. 10 sports schools were examined, microclimate and lighting parameters were measured, medical and pedagogical observations were made on the organization of the training process. Results: children and youth sports schools are in demand among residents of Ekaterinburg. Moreover, given the overcrowded sections in a number of sports and the widespread use of rented premises for classes, the demand for these services far exceeds the opportunities available in the city. The existing sports base is developing, in a number of schools systematic repairs are being carried out, and modern sports equipment is being purchased. At the same time, the training process safety is not fully ensured in any of the schools surveyed. The main problems are an incomplete set of main and auxiliary premises, insufficient space of the premises, lack of conditions for the provision of medical care, defects in the floor covering or areas, violations of the air-heat, light modes, cleaning mode of the premises and drinking regime. The training process as a whole is organized rationally. However, in some kinds of sports, the training duration exceeds the permissible values and there is no proper control over the behavior of children by the coach.
Introduction. An investigation aimed at studying the modern specific features of the physical development of children of school age of Yekaterinburg city was performed. Material and Methods. Somatic (body length, body weight, chest circumference) and physiometric (vital lung capacity, hand strength) physical development indices of 1378 school students of the city of Yekaterinburg aged from 8 to 16 years were surveyed and studied using the anthropomorphic measurement method (cross-sectional studies). The obtained results were compared with the equivalent physical development results collected from the children within the period between 1894 and 2000, as well as physical development data of school students residing in the large cities of the Russian Federation; Student’s t-test, regression analysis were used. Results. A decline in somatometric indices of the physical development (body length, weight, chest circumference) in all age and gender groups of school students was noted within the period between 1894 and 2017, but the decreased average values of the physiometric parameters, i.e. vital lung capacity, hand strength, were noted from 1985. The average body length and average body weight of school students of the city of Yekaterinburg are not significantly different or higher as compared to the peers residing in the large cities of the Russian Federation. In contrast to the regional physical development standards (as of 2000), each third school student has high or higher than average physical development indices: body length by 26.4%, body weight - 36%, chest circumference - 29.8%; a high incidence of low physiometric parameters was noted: low and lower than average indices of the vital lung capacity are characteristic to 35.1% of school students, hand strength - to 20.4% (right) and 22.9% (left) school students. Conclusion. The obtained results are indicative of the epoch-making changes in the physical development of children of the school age, as well as of certain regional distinguishing features, which may be associated with changes in the social and economic, environmental situation, and life style peculiarities of the modern school students.
The article deals with the arguments of the Soviet citizens contained in their claims on the issue of the housing demunicipalization. The author analyses the nature of the arguments on the example of one of the claims. Using the archival material of the Central State Archive of the Samara Region the author reveals the strategic nature of the declarants' arguments in the process of demunicipalization during the 1920s.
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