The purpose. To determine regularities of seasonal dynamics of nutrients and features of their disproportionation in soil depending on hydrothermal conditions of the year. Methods. Field, laboratoryanalytical, statistical analysis. Results. Essential variance is determined in seasonal dynamics of stores of mineral nitrogen and moisture of soil in years contrasting on conditions moisture security, in particular, in intensity of decrease of stores of mineral nitrogen during vegetation, ratio nitrate and ammonium nitrogen according to the profile of soil, and efficiency of use of nitrogen and moisture by plants. Conclusions. The gained results proved essential lowering activity of use of mineral nitrogen by plants in conditions of stressful drought and predominance in the structure of mineral nitrogen of its ammonium forms, especially in the end of vegetation. The effective use of nitrogen and moisture of soil takes place at optimization of root nutrition of plants due to importation of fertilizers, in particular, accumulation of residual phosphate in soil
Goal. To determine the parameters of changes in the content of organic carbon in typical chernozem depending on the long-term use of different fertilizer systems for field crop rotation in the High Forest-Steppe of the Left Bank of Ukraine. Methods. Field -to determine the impact of fertilizer application systems on the humus state of typical chernozem, laboratory -to determine the content of organic carbon in the soil, calculation -to calculate the reserves of organic carbon and humus, mathematical -to assess the reliability of the data. Results. It was determined that before the establishment of a stationary field experiment, the content of organic carbon (Corg) in the arable soil layer averaged 2.89%. The coefficient of variation of theparameters of this indicator was 8%, but the scope of variation of the obtained results was 1.03 abs. %. It was established that for 28 years of application of mineral and organic fertilizers there was a slow deposition of Corg. Under the mineral fertilizer system with the introduction of single and double doses of complete fertilizer, the Corg content increased from 2.94 -2.96 to 3.09 -3.10%. Under the organic system, which provided the periodic application of manure under row crops, the Corg content increased from 2.80 to 3.09%, while the combined application of manure and mineral fertilizers caused an increase in Corg from 2.71 -2.79 to 3.09 -3.16%. Corg reserves increased from 5 for the mineral to 10 and 13 t/ha for organic and organomineral fertilizer systems, respectively. Conclusions. An increase in the Corg content in typical chernozem was established with the introduction of fertilizer systems in a row: mineral -+0.14 -0.15 abs.%, organic -+0.29, organomineral -+0.37 -0.38 abs.%. The systematic application of mineral and periodic of organic fertilizers contributes the most to carbon deposition in soils.
The article presents the results of the analysis of the main national and international documents, which are evidence of how the global deterioration of the quality and state of soil resources catalyzed the process of awareness by the international community of the need to develop and implement mechanisms for preserving the productive and ecological functions of the soils of agrocenoses in order to achieve a neutral level of land degradation. One of the main blocks of sustainable management of soil resources is the sustainable management of fertilizers, the use of which significantly increases the productivity of agricultural crops, affects the quality of the soil, but may have certain environmental risks. The purpose of the research is to define conceptual approaches to sustainable fertilizer management that are harmonized with the requirements of the International Fertilizer Code and adapted to the conditions of Ukraine. The research was conducted using general scientific, structural-functional and abstract-logical methods. The analysis of the current national base of regulatory documents regarding the management of soil resources and fertilizers indicates its improvement, including through the ratification and implementation of international regulatory documents. Within the framework of the international integration of the country, a conceptual approach to the sustainable management of fertilizers in Ukraine is proposed, which is aimed at reorienting the vector of actions from "controlling the impact" to "preventing the impact", where the object of action is the soil, and the subject of action is fertilizers. Subjects of ensuring sustainable management of fertilizers - authorities, manufacturers of fertilizers, including from secondary raw materials, scientific institutions of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences and the State Institution "Soil Protection Institute of Ukraine", higher educational institutions of agronomic and environmental specialties, organizations and associations of various forms of ownership , whose activities concern fertilizers, agrochemical laboratories and farms of various forms of ownership. Sustainable fertilizers management, harmonized with international guidelines, is based on such principles as objectivity, representativeness, regulation, scientificity, systematicity, causality, environmental friendliness, benchmarking and informativeness. Based on the results of the analysis, a set of measures to ensure the sustainable management of fertilizers in Ukraine is proposed, which consists of interconnected and complementary blocks – regulatory, organizational, informational and technological (fertilizer production and application), which have a number of relevant tasks aimed at ensuring a balanced and standardized application of fertilizers in the country's agriculture, preservation of productive and ecological functions of soils, prevention of the development of degradation processes in order to achieve their neutral level, guarantee of food stability and ecological security of the country.
The problem of increasing the rates of use of nutrient elements from fertilizers and approaching the maximum possible payback of the fertilizer system with the crop has been raised, taking into account all the factors influencing these indicators. The main
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