This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of some of genetic and non-genetic parameters on the reproductive traits of Friesian cows. The data were obtained from a commercial farm (Gharbawy farm) located in El-Sharkia governorate, Egypt. A total of 1630 records of 465 pure Friesian cows covered the period from 1998 to 2007 were collected. The data values of reproductive traits which include; days open (DO), calving interval (CI) and dry period (DP) were measured. The actual means of DO, CI and DP were 140.47, 432.76 and 93.57days, respectively. Parity, year and season of calving had a significance effect (p≤0.01) on all studied traits. Estimates of direct heritability (h 2 ) for all studied traits were low, with equal h 2 a values (0.02) for both DO and DP, it was 0.04 for CI. Concerning maternal permanent environment, effects were low ranging from 0.0003 to 0.01. Moreover, error variance effects represent the largest proportion of the total variation ranging from 0.96 to 0.98. All coefficients were positive for phenotypic correlations and ranged from 0.388 to 0.746. Moreover, the coefficients of genetic correlations among all studied reproductive traits were positive and ranged from 0.230 to 0.492. Non-genetic factors have a strong influence on the herd under study, which requires the stability of technical and administrative processes to impr ove reproductive performance. Moreover, additional assessment studies required to improve the accuracy of information to increase productivity of such herds.

This study armed to estimate of non-genetic and genetic parameters that affecting Study traits including lactation length (LL), total milk yield (TMY), and 305 day milk yield (305d-MY). The number of records used were 1630 lactation records over a period of 10 years of pure Friesian cows raised at the commercial station in northern Egypt. Analysis was performed using SAS (To estimate non-genetic factors ) In addition to the animal model (estimate genetic parameters). The most important results of the study that have been reached are summarized as follows: All non-genetic factors were significant for all the study traits. The overall mean for (LL), (TMY) and (305d-MY) was 358.3 days; 8675.3 and 7387.7 kg, respectively. Heritability values for were 0.13 ± 0.027, 0.28 ± 0.031, and 0.35 ± 0.030 for trait) f (LL), (TMY), and 305d-MY) respectively. Present results recommended the productive performance of Friesian cows can be improved through the adoption of appropriate management, nutrition, and breeding programs achieved through the selection program.

Background: Neonatal sepsis (NS) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality both among term and pre term infants. Early diagnosis of NS is difficult because of non specific signs and symptoms and non infectious disease may mimic NS. Rapid diagnosis of bacterial infections is crucial for early initiation of adequate antibiotic treatment. Systemic inflammation and sepsis lead to an increased release of Pro-Adrenomedullin (pro-ADM) into circulation thus it could be helpful in the early diagnosis of sepsis and in monitoring such conditions. Objective: To determine serum levels of pro-ADM in newborns with sepsis and its relation to diagnosis and prognosis.Methodology: Our study included fifty neonates fulfilled the criteria of sepsis (group1), they were subclassified into 2 subgroups; 29 cases with proven sepsis who had positive blood cultures (group1a) and 21 cases with clinical sepsis who had negative blood cultures (group1b), forty healthy gestational age, birth weight and sex matched neonates served as a control (group 2). Serum levels of Pro-ADM were measured by ELISA in all neonates and blood cultures were done in septic ones. Results: Serum level of Pro-ADM was significantly higher in group1as compared with group 2 (P=0.000) and in group1a as compared with group1b (P < 0.001). There was highly significant increase in serum level of pro-ADM with increased severity of NS (P = 0.000) and in non-survived neonates compared to those who survived (P = 0.000). Serum levels of Pro-ADM were positively correlated with WBCs count, I/T ratio (immature-to-total neutrophil ratio) and CRP serum level (r = 0.361, P = 0.010, r = 0.320, P = 0.024, r = 0.343, P = 0.015) respectively. Conclusions: Pro-ADM can be considered as valuable biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of NS.