Air pollution transport is entangled with weather and climate factors. As the pollutants tend to move due to the metrological condition. Naturally, pollutants will be deposited to the ground at the end part of the deposition cycle. One of the factors of pollutant deposition in a wet deposition is rain. The soluble pollutants and particulate matter are precipitated to the earth’s surface during precipitation. In order to analyse it, we need a rainfall measuring device/rain gauge, as rainfall is an important parameter to find the correlation between the two. However, there is a limited number of rain-gauge in Indonesia. Thus, we proposed a tipping bucket rain gauge, which consists of a funnel, a bucket, a magnetic switch sensor, and a microcontroller-based processing unit. The prototype is equipped with a GSM module so that the data can be sent in real-time via text message every minute, also an SD Card as the backup storage data. It was calibrated using ISO 17025:2005 standard, the result obtained by a resolution of 0.2 mm/tip with a capacity of 4.2 ml buckets, and U95 uncertainty of ±0,04 - ±0,12 mm/minute. To find the suitable method of rainfall calculation for the prototype, we observe three methods, Natural, Meteorology, and Novel-IAP. From the three we found, Novel-IAP has the best result since the calculation is executed every second. And the other methods are found to have a high error result.
In ancient times, humans were very accustomed to depending on nature, so that in the past humans held the title as an outdoor species. Over time with many technological advances, the pattern of human life has shifted to being an indoor species. Currently, almost 55% of the world’s population lives in urban areas and is projected to increase to 68% by 2050. Based on the National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS), the total time humans spend indoors is 86.9%. Research shows that air pollutants contained in indoor air are 2 to 5 times more than outdoor air. The neglect of the air conditioning system also worsens indoor air quality. It is often found that the supply of fresh air and the concentration of pollutants in the work or activity zone is unknown, even though this is a crucial matter. With the amount of time spent indoors, air quality and the distribution of pollutants in indoor air becomes very important. This research was conducted spatial modelling of air pollutant distribution using the kriging interpolation technique. The results of spatial modelling with this method produce an average of R-squared=70,98% dan RMSE = 0.03. Several factors influence the increase in pollutant concentrations that are the activity of the occupants, the number of occupants, and environmental conditions outside.
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