No abstract
Deep galaxy surveys have revealed that the global star formation rate (SFR) density in the Universe peaks at 1≤ z ≤2 and sharply declines towards z = 0. But a clear picture of the underlying processes, in particular the evolution of cold atomic (∼100 K) and molecular gas phases, that drive such a strong evolution is yet to emerge. MALS is designed to use MeerKAT's L-and UHF-band receivers to carry out the most sensitive (N(H I)>10 19 cm −2 ) dust-unbiased search of intervening H I 21-cm and OH 18-cm absorption lines at 0 < z < 2. This will provide reliable measurements of the evolution of cold atomic and molecular gas cross-sections of galaxies, and unravel the processes driving the steep evolution in the SFR density. The large sample of H I and OH absorbers obtained from the survey will (i) lead to tightest constraints on the fundamental constants of physics, and (ii) be ideally suited to probe the evolution of magnetic fields in disks of galaxies via Zeeman Splitting or Rotation Measure synthesis. The survey will also provide an unbiased census of H I and OH absorbers, i.e. cold gas associated with powerful AGNs (>10 24 W Hz −1 ) at 0 < z < 2, and will simultaneously deliver a blind H I and OH emission line survey, and radio continuum survey. Here, we describe the MALS survey design, observing plan and the science issues to be addressed under various science themes.
Open quantum walks (OQWs) are a new type of quantum walks which are entirely driven by the dissipative interaction with external environments and are formulated as completely positive trace-preserving maps on graphs. A generalized quantum optical scheme for implementing OQWs that includes non-zero temperature of the environment is suggested. In the proposed quantum optical scheme, a two-level atom plays the role of the "walker", and the Fock states of the cavity mode correspond to the lattice sites for the "walker". Using the small unitary rotations approach the effective dynamics of the system is shown to be an OQW. For the chosen set of parameters, an increase in the temperature of the environment causes the system to reach the asymptotic distribution much faster compared to the scheme proposed earlier where the temperature of the environment is zero. For this case the asymptotic distribution is given by a steady Gaussian distribution.
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