A composite material is generally a combination of materials differing in composition or form on a macro scale for the purposes of attaining specific characteristics and properties. The developments in the field of composite materials have granted significant weight reduction in structural design. When compared to metallic materials, composites offer many advantages, especially high strength, stiffness to weight ratio, excellent fatigue properties, and corrosion resistance. Plates, curved panels, the cylindrical shell-shaped forms of models are being broadly used in many structural packages of engineering structure. For design the structure, it is important to know the behaviour of these under static, free vibration, buckling condition. The present paper aims to review the literature on static, free vibration, and buckling analysis of composite flat panel, curved panel, and cylindrical shell. Further, the testing procedure of laminate, design guidelines of laminates and cost estimations with mechanical properties comparison of laminate with metal, CLT (classical lamination theory) basis including thermal and moisture expansion for stiffness evaluation are also summarised in this paper.
Columns rest on the beam without foundation are called floating column.They are used commonly in multi-storey buildings which are purposed to hold parking at ground floor or open halls at higher floors. Discontinuation within the load transfer path is seen in this column. Thus they are designed for gravity loads. But these structures aren’t designed for earthquake loads.In present scenario structures with floating column may be a common characteristic in urban India. However in tectonic areas, this type of structure is not preferred due to discontinuity of load transfer path i.e. whole earthquake load on the structure is shared by the shear walls without any loads on the floating columns.This paper review the nature of a multi-storey building under quake forces with and without of floating columns. This analysis focus the importance of specially identifying the presence of the floating column within the study of the struture, establish its correlation with the building without a floating column using designing software Extended three dimensional analysis of building systems (ETABS). This paper also discusses the performance of structure having floating column in seismically active areas. Besides these various parameter such as maximum displacement, effect on number of storey on drift, base shear are also studied.
Earthquakes are one of the biggest life-threats in the world. The effect is immediate, with little to no warning about damage plans and the collapse of buildings/structures. Prevention of earthquake-related disasters has become more and more important in recent years. Preventing disasters involves reducing seismic risk by retrofitting existing buildings. Seismic retrofitting has now become a crucial issue. Retrofitting helps improve the structure's strength, resistivity and overall lifespan. Recent occurrences of earthquakes in various parts of the world have clearly shown the urgency of repairing deficient seismic structures. The paper summarised many past studies in the form of a seismic strengthening solution, based on the type of beam-column joints, retrofitting technology and fiber reinforced polymers (FRP).
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