Business objects are object-oriented representations of the concepts of interest in an organization, such as activities, resources and actors. Business objects collaborate with one another in order to achieve business goals, showing different behavior and properties according to each specific collaboration context. This means the same business object may be perceived differently depending on the business objects it is collaborating with. However, most approaches to business process modeling do not separate the collaborative aspects of a business object from its internal aspects. To cope with such issues, this paper makes use of role modeling to separate these concerns while increasing the understandability and reusability of business process models. This approach makes use of object-oriented concepts to separate a business process model into a business object model and a role model. The business object models deals with specifying the structure and intrinsic behavior of business objects, while the role model specifies its collaborative aspects.
Replication and distributed communication are usually tightly coupled. This code tangling forbids their independent reuse and adaptation. In this position paper the problems resulting from coupling replication with distributed communication are discussed. In addition, a solution based on separation of concerns is proposed. The abstractions for each concern are presented as well as their composition. ProblemDistributed multi-user interactive systems are an extremely relevant application area. Applications such distributed simulation, computer supported collaborative work (CSCW), multi-user games or dungeons (MUDS), and multi-user object-oriented environments (MOOS) are becoming increasingly pervasive. The MOOSCo project [ lo], Multi-user Object-Oriented environments with Separation of Concems, addresses the difficulties in applying a component-based approach in a vertical and integrated manner, from analysis to implementation, to the design of this class of systems. In this project the experience of two research groups, a software engineering group and a distributed systems group, is being integrated. In particular, the composition of middleware abstractions and infrastructure communication protocols is being studied. This position paper discusses the problems associated with the composition of replication with distributed communication.Replication and distributed communication are usually tightly coupled since replication only makes sense in the context of distributed applications. Almost accidentally, replication is mixed with distributed communication since This work was partially supported by FundaGio para a Ci&ncia e Tecnologia, Praxis/ C1 EEI1 33 I271 I999 MOOSCo and Praxis1 C1 EEV 122021 I998 TOPCOM. the latter is usually used as the base of distributed applications construction. This situation results in the well-known code tangling problem [7].Regardless of non orthogonality, it is necessary to find completely independent solutions for both concerns, such that it is possible to reuse, adapt and compose them independently. This separation of non-orthogonal concems is a major open problem [l].In synthesis, the following problems are addressed:What are the abstractions for replication and distributed communication that allows them to be independently specified from each other?How to deal with inter-concem dependencies such that their impact is controlled in order to keep independent the definition and evolution of each concern. SolutionThe proposed solution is to treat both concems at the same level, instead of defining replication on top of distributed communication. The approach considers replication independently from distributed communication.Abstractions for replication and distributed communication are defined in a way that each abstraction does not raise any assumption about the other abstraction.In order to deal with inter-concern dependencies a new abstraction is defined, a composition abstraction, that ensures the independence of each concern's specific parts. That way, the whole, the composition, ...
This paper introduces an object-oriented approach to the integrated modeling of Organizations, and their Information Systems in a Distributed context. The approach is based on the OOram role modeling methodology concepts and tool. In the proposed approach organization modeling is done at the enterprise level of abstraction and both reverse and forward engineering are consistently supported. Distribution is modeled, at both the organizat,ion and information system levels of abstraction, in an integrated way. Traceability is supported between all models.
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