Methylotrophic yeasts such as Ogataea polymorpha and Komagataella phaffii (sin. Hansenula polymorpha and Pichia pastoris, respectively) are commonly used in basic research and biotechnological applications, frequently those requiring genome modifications. However, the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing approaches reported for these species so far are relatively complex and laborious. In this work we present an improved plasmid vector set for CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in methylotrophic yeasts. This includes a plasmid encoding Cas9 with a nuclear localization signal and plasmids with a scaffold for the single guide RNA (sgRNA). Construction of a sgRNA gene for a particular target sequence requires only the insertion of a 24 bp oligonucleotide duplex into the scaffold. Prior to yeast transformation, each plasmid is cleaved at two sites, one of which is located within the selectable marker, so that the functional marker can be restored only via recombination of the Cas9-containing fragment with the sgRNA gene-containing fragment. This recombination leads to the formation of an autonomously replicating plasmid, which can be lost from yeast clones after acquisition of the required genome modification. The vector set allows the use of G418-resistance and LEU2 auxotrophic selectable markers. The functionality of this setup has been demonstrated in O. polymorpha, O. parapolymorpha, O. haglerorum and Komagataella phaffii.
The genes for bacterial phytases from Citrobacter freundii and Yersinia intermedia were expressed for the first time in a thermotolarant yeast Ogataea polymorpha. A comparative analysis of the properties of recombinant phytases produced by Ogataea polymorpha and Pichia pastoris yeasts was carried out. It was shown that the stability, pH and temperature profiles of the enzyme activities are the same regardless of the host strain. It was proved that O. polymorpha yeast can be used to create producers of feed enzymes and to develop a technology for their cultivation at temperatures above 37 °C. The prospects of using the O. polymorpha yeast for these purposes were evaluated. Ogataea (Hansenula) polymorpha, Pichia pastoris, methylotrophic yeast, thermal tolerance, producer, recombinant phytase The work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of RF (Project Unique Identifier RFMEFI57917X0145) using the Multipurpose Scientific Installation of All-Russian National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms National Bioresource Center, NRC «Kurchatov Institute»-GosNIIgenetika.
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