Background: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is common but often underdiagnosed in children. The Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire developed by University of Michigan, USA (English UM PSQ) has high sensitivity and specificity in identifying children with sleep-disordered breathing. This study aimed to translate and adapt the English UM PSQ into Malay language as a screening tool to assess SDB among the Malay speaking population. The second objective was to determine the psychometric measurements of the translated UM PSQ (Malay UM PSQ). Methods: The Malay UM PSQ was translated through forward-backward translation techniques by two independent accredited bodies and reviewed by a panel of experts. The questionnaire was tested in two phases. The respondents were from hospital staffs with children and parents of primary school children aged 6-10 years. The reliability of questionnaires was measured by Cronbach's α and Kappa (κ) statistics. Results: The overall scale of internal consistency of the Malay UM PSQ was good, i.e., Cronbach's α = 0.760 (α = 0.457, 0.608 and 0.688 for snoring, sleepiness and behavioral domains respectively). The English UM PSQ also had good internal consistency at α = 0.753 (α = 0.589, 0.524, to 0.793 for snoring, sleepiness and behavioral domains respectively). Test-retest reliability for most items was good with correctness of >85.0% in all items. Only one item was seen in the Malay UM PSQ with κ=0.348, while the remaining ranged from κ=0.489 to 0.811. For the English UM PSQ, κ ranged from 0.660 to 0.945. Conclusion: Both English and Malay UM PSQ have acceptable psychometric measurement properties as screening tools to assess SDB in the Malay speaking population. World J Pediatr 2012;8(1):38-42
Background
Depression is a recognized complication of lung cancer underreported in developing countries such as Malaysia. Treating and identifying depression in cancer patients increases survival and quality of life. Our objectives are to study prevalence of depressive symptoms in newly diagnosed lung carcinoma, and examine the relationship of depressive symptoms with other influencing risk factors.
Methods
A 2-year, cross sectional study February 2015–February 2017, was conducted at Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, and Penang General Hospital. One hundred and three patients with newly diagnosed, biopsy confirmed primary lung carcinoma were recruited. Self-rated patient's identification sheet, validated Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D), and Dukes University Religion Index score from three different main languages were used.
Results
Prevalence of current depressive symptoms (CES-D total score ≥16) is 37.9%. The result suggests prevalence of those at high risk of moderate to major depression, may need treatment. Multivariate analysis reveals those with good Eastern Cooperation Oncology Group factor (η2=0.24, p<0.001) married (η2=0.14, p<0.001) with intrinsic religiosity (IR) (η2=0.07, p<0.02) are more resistant to depression.
Conclusion
One in three of lung carcinoma patients, are at increased risk for depression. Clinicians should be aware that risk is highest in those with poor performance status, single, and with poor IR. We suggest routine screening of depression symptoms as it is feasible, to be performed during a regular clinic visit with immediate referral to psychiatrist when indicated.
This study examined the perceptions of current smokers on electronic cigarette (EC) use, after exposure to information on EC use and its potential harms from various media and retail outlets. This cross-sectional study is a sub-analysis of the National Study of Electronic Cigarettes Prevalence (N = 4289) using the multi-stage stratified sampling method. Respondents were interviewed face-to-face by a trained data collector using a structured questionnaire printed in both Bahasa Malaysia and English. The analysis included 376 males who smoked conventional cigarettes and/or used ECs and reported ever seeing messages on ECs/vape in various platforms were analyzed using weighted simple and multiple logistic regression. Our findings showed different media types resulted in differing perceptions among smokers towards EC use especially between social media and conventional media. Those exposed to messages promoting EC in social media had higher odds of believing that ECs help people quit smoking (OR: 2.28), the urge to smoke is reduced by ECs (OR: 1.86), ECs are more effective than medication for quitting smoking (OR: 1.96), breathing is improved after using ECs (OR: 2.85), the smell of EC is better than a tobacco cigarette (OR: 2.73), and ECs should be regulated rather than banned completely (OR: 3.08). Vape shops, social, and conventional media provided very different perceptions among smokers towards EC use. Beyond using traditional communication channels, EC promoters have successfully utilized social media to promote ECs among smokers.
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