ABSTRACT

Ten interspecific crosses of Avena sativa L . X A . sterilis L . were used to study associations of groat protein percentage with selected seed and agronomic traits . Each cross was grown in a replicated experiment, and the genetic material consisted of parents and F2 -derived lines grown in the F 4 generation .No close associations were found between groat protein percentage and plant height, heading date, or 10-groat weight . Individual crosses did show significant correlations, but none of the 3 traits was sufficiently associated with groat protein generally so as to be beneficial or inhibitory to combining high groat-protein percentage with the maturity, plant height, and 10-groat weight appropriate for good agronomic cultivars of oats .High groat-protein percentage was closely associated with abscission spikelet separation and jointed awn, both of which are A . sterilis traits . Shattering and dark seed color (A . sterilis traits) were also associated with high groat protein percentage, but kernel pubescence was not. Only a few segregates within each cross were A . sativa type for all 5 of the seed traits, but when A . sativa types from all crosses were grouped together, there was a large range for groat-protein percentages .

Eighteen inbred lines from the world sorghum collection and RS610 were tested with three levels of nitrogen fertilization. The same 18 inbred lines were grown under high fertility conditions. Significant differences among lines existed for height, lodging, maturity, weight of 100 seeds, grain weight per panicle, protein, lysine in protein, and protein ✕ lysine within each test. Nitrogen fertilization affected the protein production significantly, but variation among lines was much greater. Genotypic range for protein production was 11.7 to 16.3%. Lysine as percent of protein was not affected significantly by nitrogen fertilization, but genotypes ranged from 1.64 to 2.52%.A comparison of a very high fertility treatment with three nitrogen fertilization levels showed that there were significant differences among fertility levels and among genotypes for grain weight per panicle, protein, lysine in protein, and protein ✕ lysine. Protein was 0.6% higher for high fertility while lysine was 0.47% lower, grain weight per panicle was 10.7 g lower, and protein ✕ lysine was 5.68 units lower for this location. There was a significant interaction between genotype and location for lysine, protein ✕ lysine, and grain weight per panicle, but not for protein production.

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