In society today, improper waste disposal brings about numerous problems. One of the most common residual wastes found in the municipal solid waste is human hair. This waste, which is evidently continuing to accumulate in disposal streams poses a threat if not disposed properly. Several studies have been done in the search for possibilities of incorporating hair to construction materials. In this study, the compressive strength of Hair Fiber Reinforced Concrete (HFRC) was studied aiming to find the combination that would yield the optimum compressive strength. A parametric study on the effect of amount of hair (1%, 2% and 3%) as well as length of hair strand (0.5-inch, 1 inch and 1.5 inch) on the compressive strength of HFRC was done. The results of the parametric study were used to find the optimum compressive strength. Utilizing the Central Composite Design (CCD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM), a mathematical model was produced relating the parameters and the combination of parameters that would yield the maximum compressive strength. Based on the results, the mathematical model obtained a Coefficient of Regression of 0.9807 showing that the probability plot of the residuals fits the regression line. As generated by the mathematical model, a combination of 3.2% amount of hair by volume of concrete and a hair strand length of 0.752 inch will yield an optimum compressive strength of 38.15 MPa.
The Philippines is an agricultural country due to its location in the tropics. Because of this nature, the agriculture sector tends to produce a huge amount of waste that if not disposed properly could pose a threat to the society and to the environment. Studies have been performed on the possibilities of incorporating agricultural wastes to various construction materials as a form of waste diversion. In order to address the problem with agricultural wastes as well as to improve the property of construction materials, a study on alkali-treated banana fiber as web reinforcement in concrete was done. In this study, a characterization of alkali-treated banana fiber was done in order to assess the characteristics of a possible reinforcement for concrete by tensile strength test on the fiber. The applicability of the treated fiber was then examined as a web reinforcement in concrete in terms of its load capacity. The parametric study was conducted to investigate the effect on the compressive strength of varying bundle diameter (4 mm, 8 mm, 12 mm, 16 mm) while holding the spacing of mesh at 20 mm and also the effect of varying mesh spacing (10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm and 25 mm) while holding the diameter at 16 mm. Test results show that the 4 mm diameter of treated banana fiber yielded the highest tensile strength at 314 N compared to only 197 N of the untreated banana fiber. The parametric study results the diameter of banana fiber indicate that the increase in diameter also results in the increase in load capacity. With respect to spacing, the smaller the value of spacing results in higher load capacity.
Fine aggregates are key components of controlled low-strength materials (CLSM). These act as structural fillers that are integrally held together by cement paste controlling the mechanical properties and strength. In general, natural sand is the most common material used in the production of CLSM. Despite their low minimum compressive strength, CLSMs are used in highway construction as an alternative to compacted backfill. However, sand supply to road and infrastructure projects may be not sustainable. Meanwhile, in the low lying areas surrounding Mount Pinatubo in Phillippines, huge volumes of pyroclastic material and ashes were deposited due to the mountain’s cataclysmic eruption on 1991. To this date, the lahar washed down by the rains to the lowland municipalities and towns induce hazards during extreme rainfall events. Therefore, this study investigated the feasibility of lahar sand as fine aggregate in CLSM. Characterization of the controlled mixtures was performed via flowability, setting time, and compressive strength. Two controlled parameters (water-to-solid and cement-to-water ratios) were defined to show the statistical relationship among investigated properties with the different mixture proportions. Empirical results show acceptable characteristic values for the CLSM’s hardened state, making lahar sand be suitable as fine aggregates. The recommended water-to-solid and cement-to-water ratios for the CLSM mixture should be both 0.30.
The continuous growth of the population also brings about an increase in traffic that traverse our roads. Due to this increase in the volume of traffic, pavements are subjected to more distress which can lead to its failure. Studies have been performed in order to address these issues on material properties. At present time, waste disposal has been a challenge for various industries. And of the wastes that are abundant in our surroundings, plastic is proving to be a major problem because it poses a major threat to the environment. As a possible solution to the growing problem of the disposal of plastic wastes as well as the constant pursuit to improve the properties of materials, recycling and incorporating plastic to construction materials has been explored in various studies. This study aims to assess the effects of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) as an additive to Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) on the stability, flow and bulk specific gravity of the paving mix. A parametric study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of additive concentration (4%, 7% and 10% by weight of asphalt binder), particle size (2.36 mm, 4.57 mm, and 9.5 mm) and mixing temperature (145° C, 160 ° C, and 175 ° C) on the stability, flow and bulk specific gravity of Plastic Waste Bitumen Binder (PWBB). Results show that adding PET and LDPE as additive increases the stability by 36.82%, improves the flow by 22% and it also increases the bulk specific gravity by 2.36% compared to a traditional bituminous mixture.
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