Rocket salad (Diplotaxis spp., Eruca spp.) is a leafy vegetable rich in health-promoting compounds and widely consumed. In the present study, metabolic profiles of 40 rocket accessions mainly retrieved from gene banks were assessed. Seven glucosinolates (GLSs) and 15 flavonol compounds were detected across genotypes. Dimeric 4-mercaptobutyl-GLS and 4-(β-d-glucopyranosyldisulfanyl)butyl-GLS were the major components of the total glucosinolate content. Flavonols were different between genera, with the exception of isorhamnetin 3,4'-diglucoside. Morphoagronomic traits and color coordinates were also scored. Results showed a negative correlation between color and GLSs, indicating these last as responsible for the increase of the intensity of green and yellow pigments as well as for the darkness of the leaf, whereas agronomic traits showed positive correlation with GLSs. Genetic diversity was assessed using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers, allowing separation of the accessions on the basis of the species and elucidating the observations made by means of phenotypic data.
Sixteen ecotypes of Corbarini small tomatoes were studied. The antioxidant activity was evaluated with the DMPD (N, N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine) method in the water-soluble fraction (S-AA) and with the ABTS [2, 2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] method in the water-insoluble fraction (I-AA). S-AA and I-AA were strongly related to each other, varying to a large extent between the ecotypes considered. They were also significantly correlated with fruit weight, total solids, and refractive index. The combination of the latter variables (by multiple regression analysis) accounted for 36% and 44% of the total variability of S-AA and I-AA, respectively. Moreover, when the ecotypes were subdivided according to their shape (round, pear-shaped, oval, and long), S-AA and I-AA were both significantly higher in round tomatoes and lower in the long ones. In conclusion, the antioxidant activity varies to a considerable extent between different ecotypes of Corbarini small tomatoes. These differences are related to shape and some other fruit characteristics.
Twenty-five landraces of the cherry-like tomato named Corbarino, a typical niche product grown in the Sarno valley of the Campania region, have been characterized. The landraces used have been compared to eight cultivars widely spread in the same area of cultivation. The genetic diversity within and between landraces was evaluated through the comparison of DNA fingerprints obtained with (GATA)(4) probe hybridized to TaqI digested genomic DNA. Twenty-two of the Corbarino landraces were homogeneous and were unequivocally characterized by their DNA fingerprints. The others are probably "population varieties" in that within each of them polymorphic DNA fragments were identified. According to the characterization of fruit shapes, four groups were identified. One landrace from each group, harvested at the same ripening degree, was further characterized for yield, fruit quality components, antioxidant activities, and carotenoid contents and compared to Faino F(1) and Tomito F(1) hybrids. The Corbarino landraces were all characterized by high yield, a high level of carbohydrates, and high levels of soluble and total solids. Interestingly, the biotype named ISCI 05 was the most suitable for canning. Landraces ISCI 07 and ISCI 05 gave the highest value of antioxidant activities and carotenoid content. These data, together with previously published results, suggested that ISCI 05 should be proposed for the institution of a Label of Origin.
Processing tomato is the second most important worldwide cash crop, generally produced in high-input systems. However, fruit yield and quality are affected by agronomic management, particularly nitrogen (N) fertilization, whose application to indeterminate growth genotypes for canning has yet to be investigated in depth. Hence, the objective of this work was to assess the effects of different N rates (0, 50, 125, 200, 275, and 350 kg ha−1) on fruit yield and quality characteristics of processing tomato ‘San Marzano’ landrace. The results of our study showed that 125 and 200 kg of N ha−1 are the most appropriate rates in soil with high fertility, ensuring the highest values of marketable yield and brix yield. However, plants fertilized with 125 kg of N ha−1 attained higher values of N efficiency and fruit K and P concentrations than plants fertilized with 200 kg of N ha−1. Our results suggest that overdoses of N supplies negatively affected fruit yield and quality of San Marzano landrace grown in high soil fertility conditions, also reducing the agricultural sustainability. Hence, specific agronomic protocol and extension services are required to optimally manage tomato crop systems.
Processing tomato is an important worldwide horticultural crop. It is generally grown in high-input systems; nevertheless, plant responses to nitrogen fertilization, in terms of the effects on dry matter production and allocation to different plant organs, have yet to be investigated in depth. Moreover, information on the crop marginal net return and global warming potential (as an index of the environmental impact of crop cultivation) at different nitrogen rates is still scarce. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the effects of different nitrogen rates (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 kg of N ha−1) on the agronomic, economic, and environmental aspects of processing tomato grown under conventional management in the Mediterranean area. The results of the two-year trials indicated 200 kg of nitrogen ha−1 as the best rate, ensuring the highest values of marketable and total yields, brix ton ha−1, and marginal net return and the lowest global warming potential per ton of marketable yield. However, since plants fertilized with 200 kg of N ha−1 did not record the highest values of nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen uptake efficiency, our finding suggest the possibility to select better-performing cultivars for these physiological parameters by adopting specific tomato breeding programs.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.