Programme Hospitalier Recherche Clinique, Institut Pasteur, Inserm, French Public Health Agency.

In patients with suspected VAP, Candida spp. airway colonization is frequent and associated with increased risk for MDR bacteria isolation. This could worsen outcome and should therefore be considered when choosing an empiric antibiotic therapy.

Cultures and eubacterial PCR are complementary techniques for bacterial identification in eyes with acute postcataract endophthalmitis. PCR technique was needed for identification of the involved microbial pathogen in 25% of all the cases. Eubacterial PCR is more effective than cultures in detecting bacteria in vitreous samples from patients with previous intravitreous administration of antibiotics.